Optimization of preparation conditions for mangosteen peel-based activated carbons for the removal of Remazol Brilliant Blue R using response surface methodology

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Preparation and characterization of a novel adsorbent from Moringa oleifera leaf (2017, background): “During activation step, volatile matter is released as gas and liquid products which evaporates off leaving a material with high carbon content (Ahmad and Alrozi 2010).”
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis with chemical activation, an innovative method to convert orange peel into activated carbon with improved properties as dye adsorbent (2017, unknown): “…electrical oven or furnace, which usually requires long process time (1 – 7 hours) (Baccar et al., 2009; Dural et al., 2011; Tay et al., 2009) and high process temperature (up to 700 oC) (Ahmad and Alrozi, 2010; Garba and Rahim, 2014), resulting in high energy usage and increased production cost.”
Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of synthetic dye removal using pomegranate peel activated carbon prepared by microwave-induced KOH activation (2014, background): “The activation process also caused the volatile matter to be discharged as gas and liquid products leaving the material with high carbon content [46].”
Removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution using rambutan peel-based activated carbon: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies (2011, background): “bent is inexpensive and exhibits high adsorption capacity suitable for removing the dyes from wastewater [6].”