Valuing Nature With Travel Cost Models: A Manual

By Frank A. Ward, D. Beal. 2000

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Can nature-based tourism benefits compensate for the costs of national parks? A study of the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany (2014, methodology): “We dealt with the multiple-trip bias (Ward & Beal, 2000) by assigning the full consumer surplus to the visitors with high national park affinity, while the visitors not motivated by BFNP were excluded from the consumer surplus aggregation.”
Economic impact of alternative policy responses to prolonged and severe drought in the Rio Grande Basin (2005, background): “An estimated regional travel cost model [Ward et al., 1997; Ward and Beal, 2000] provides information to compute economic values of selected drought-coping institutions that would alter reservoir levels.”