Role of Chitin and Chitinase/Chitinase-Like Proteins in Inflammation, Tissue Remodeling, and Injury
By C. Lee, C. D. Da Silva, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Farida Ahangari, B. Ma, Min-Jong Kang, C. He, S. Takyar, J. Elias. Annual Review of Physiology, 2011
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The 18 glycosyl hydrolase family of chitinases is an ancient gene family that is widely expressed from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In mammals, despite the absence of endogenous chitin, a number of chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (C/CLPs) have been identified. However, their roles have only recently begun to be elucidated. Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) inhibits chitin-induced innate inflammation; augments chitin-free, allergen-induced Th2 inflammation; and mediates effector functions of IL-13. The CLPs BRP-39/YKL-40 (also termed chitinase 3-like 1) inhibit oxidant-induced lung injury, augments adaptive Th2 immunity, regulates apoptosis, stimulates alternative macrophage activation, and contributes to fibrosis and wound healing. In accord with these findings, levels of YKL-40 in the lung and serum are increased in asthma and other inflammatory and remodeling disorders and often correlate with disease severity. Our understanding of the roles of C/CLPs in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and tissue injury in health and disease is reviewed below.
Subfields: Molecular Biology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3930441f36999e67e2717c57133265cafc2f5d3e
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Citations in the corpus
- Chitinases—Potential Candidates for Enhanced Plant Resistance towards Fungal Pathogens (2018, background): “Chitinases in insects are usually found in the ectodermal epithelial tissues such as the foregut, cuticles, trachea, and hindgut, as well in the intestinal peritrophic matrices in insects [26].”