Enhancement of immune response and antioxidant status of Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile in biofloc-based culture tanks manipulating high C/N ratio of feed input

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Biofloc contribution to antioxidant defence status, lipid nutrition and reproductive performance of broodstock of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris: Consequences for the quality of eggs and larvae (2016, background): “Moreover, several studies have shown that dietary biofloc could enhance the immune cellular response and antioxidant status of cultured shrimp, probably because it is rich in natural microorganisms and bioactive compounds (Ju et al., 2008; Xu and Pan, 2013).”
Effect of carbon and nitrogen ratio (C:N) manipulation on the production performance and immunity of Pacific white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei(Boone, 1931) in a biofloc‐based rearing system (2018, background): “Furthermore, earlier studies have shown that biofloc‐reared shrimps exhibit a higher proPhenoloxidase activity, phagocytic activity, and total haemocyte count (THC) compared to nonbiofloc control group (Ekasari et al., 2014; Kumar et al., 2015; Xu & Pan, 2013).”