Direct 4D‐Var assimilation of all‐sky radiances. Part II: Assessment

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Satellite cloud and precipitation assimilation at operational NWP centres (2011, methodology): “The ECMWF 1D+4D-Var system was superseded in 2009 by the direct assimilation of radiances in 4D-Var, the so-called all-sky system (Bauer et al., 2010; Geer et al., 2010).”
Improved scattering radiative transfer for frozen hydrometeors at microwave frequencies (2014, methodology): “Further details of the all-sky microwave imager assimilation at ECMWF are given byBauer et al.(2010), Geer et al. (2010b) andGeer and Bauer(2010, 2011).”
The growing impact of satellite observations sensitive to humidity, cloud and precipitation (2017, background): “Some of the most reliable measures presented by Geer et al. (2010) and Geer and Bauer (2010) are the FG fits to humidity radiosondes and the day 5 Southern Hemisphere (SH) wind scores.”
Observation errors in all‐sky data assimilation (2011, methodology): “Finally, the ECMWF system still requires a cloud control variable to help with assimilating observations in the first few hours of the window (e.g. Geer et al., 2010) but work is in progress to resolve this.”
Significance of changes in medium-range forecast scores (2016, background): “Geer et al. (2010) found it was necessary to make a Bonferonni correction (e.g. Abdi, 2007) of the significance level from 95 to 99.8% to counter the tendency to assign excessive statistical significance across one latitude height diagram.”