The QCD phase diagram for small densities from imaginary chemical potential

By Philippe de Forcrand, Owe Philipsen. 2002

490 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Abstract We present results on the QCD phase diagram for μ B ⩽ πT . Our simulations are performed with an imaginary chemical potential μ = iμ I for which the fermion determinant is positive. On an 8 3 ×4 lattice with 2 flavors of staggered quarks, we map out the phase diagram and identify the (pseudo-) critical temperature T c ( μ I ). For μ I / T ⩽ π /3, this is an analytic function, whose Taylor expansion is found to converge rapidly, with truncation errors far smaller than statistical ones. The truncated series may then be continued to real μ , yielding the corresponding phase diagram for μ B ≲500 MeV. This approach provides control over systematics and avoids reweighting. We compare it with other recent work.

Subfields: Nuclear and High Energy Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36f8b4caf51039fc9964221f73cd083c0909975e

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In Nuclear and High Energy Physics

1. C. Fischer
2. B. Schenke
3. T. Hatsuda
4. S. Gubser
5. Oliver DeWolfe
6. C. Rosen
7. D. Teaney
8. Kenji Fukushima

Citations in the corpus

• QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential from Dyson–Schwinger equations (2018, methodology): “he critical surface is by no means trivial and actually might not be realised has been argued by de Forcrand and Phillipsen from the results of lattice simulations with three degenerate quark flavours [29,114,141,142]. They used an extrapolation procedure from imaginary chemical potential to determin”
• Search for the QCD critical point with fluctuations of conserved quantities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC: an overview (2017, methodology): “At large lB region, the QCD-based models predicted that the phase transition is of the first order [5, 6] and there should exist a so-called QCD Critical Point (CP) as the endpoint of the first-order phase boundary [7, 8].”
• Heavy ions and string theory (2013, background): “Lattice methods to avoid the sign problem, such as Taylor expansions around μ = 0, are possible [179, 180, 181], but nonetheless it is natural to pursue other theoretical techniques not affected by the sign problem.”
• The phase diagram of dense QCD (2010, methodology): “• Imaginary chemical potential method — If μq is pure imaginary (which is here denoted by μ̃q), (21) reduces to the γ (5)-Hermiticity, so that there is no sign problem [117, 118].”
• Collective Phenomena in the Non-Equilibrium Quark-Gluon Plasma (2008, methodology): “Only recently new methods have been developed to investigate the region of finite μb [26, 36, 37].”