A marked correlation function analysis of halo formation times in the Millennium Simulation

By G. Harker, Shaun Cole, John C. Helly, Carlos S. Frenk, Adrian Jenkins. 2005

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We study the environmental dependence of the formation epoch of dark matter haloes in the Millennium Simulation: a ten billion particle N-body simulation of standard Lambda cold dark matter cosmology. A sensitive test of this dependence – the marked correlation function – reveals highly significant evidence that haloes of a given mass form earlier in denser regions. We define a marked cross-correlation function, which helps quantify how this effect depends upon the choice of the halo population used to define the environment. The mean halo formation redshift as a function of the local overdensity in dark matter is also well determined, and we see an especially clear dependence for galaxy-sized haloes. This contradicts one of the basic predictions of the excursion set model of structure formation, even though we see that this theory predicts other features of the distribution of halo formation epochs rather well. It also invalidates an assumption usually employed in the popular halo, or halo occupation distribution, models of galaxy clustering, namely that the distribution of halo properties is a function of halo mass but not of halo environment.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36ebcfd7c3b9cae3064e902d60aa7632683a1acf

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Citations in the corpus

The spin and shape of dark matter haloes in the Millennium simulation of a Λ cold dark matter universe (2006, methodology): “As a third definition of halo, we use the ‘merger-tree’ haloes described by Harker et al. (2006).”
The statistics of lambda CDM Halo Concentrations (2007, methodology): “We use the merger trees for the MS described in detail by Harker et al. (2006) and Bower et al. (2006).”
GRAVITATIONALLY CONSISTENT HALO CATALOGS AND MERGER TREES FOR PRECISION COSMOLOGY (2011, background): “…to varying degrees in the literature previously, in particular those issues relating to robust tracking of substructure, see for example Wechsler et al. (2002); Springel (2005); Faltenbacher et al. (2005); Allgood et al. (2006); Harker et al. (2006); Wetzel et al. (2009); Tweed et al. (2009).”
A Cosmological Framework for the Co-Evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, and Elliptical Galaxies. I. Galaxy Mergers and Quasar Activity (2007, background): “One caution should be added: recent higher resolution simulations suggest that the approximation here (and in many—but not all—halo occupationmodels), that bias is a function only of halo mass at a given redshift, may not be accurate (e.g., Gao &White 2007; Harker et al. 2006; Wechsler et al. 2006).”
The nearly universal merger rate of dark matter haloes in ΛCDM cosmology (2007, methodology): “The appendix compares a third merger tree (besides snipping and stitching) constructed from the Millennium catalogue by the Durham group (Bower et al. 2006; Harker et al. 2006; Helly et al. 2003).”
Concentration, spin and shape of dark matter haloes: Scatter and the dependence on mass and environment (2006, background): “In particular, Harker et al. (2006) found evidence that low-mass haloes in dense environments assemble earlier than haloes of the same mass in underdense environments.”
Halo assembly bias and its effects on galaxy clustering (2006, background): “A number of recent studies have addressed this question, approaching it from both observational and theoretical points of view (e.g. Abbas & Sheth 2006; Harker et al. 2006; Reed et al. 2006; Yang, Mo & van den Bosch 2006; Yoo et al. 2006).”
Generating dark matter halo merger trees (2007, background): “(There is some discussion of the additional criteria useful for galaxy formation calculations in Harker et al. (2006).)”
The Dependence of Halo Clustering on Halo Formation History, Concentration, and Occupation (2005, background): “These results are in broad agreement with the recent results of Sheth & Tormen (2004), Gao et al. (2005), and Harker et al. (2006).”
The evolution of dark matter halo properties in clusters, filaments, sheets and voids (2007, background): “Rather, they also depend on the environment in which the halo resides (e.g. Gao et al. 2005; Wechsler et al. 2006; Harker et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2007; Hahn et al. 2007, Paper I in the following).”
GALAXY CLUSTERING IN THE COMPLETED SDSS REDSHIFT SURVEY: THE DEPENDENCE ON COLOR AND LUMINOSITY (2010, background): “…halo mass, since halo concentrations and assembly histories show some environmental correlations (Sheth & Tormen 2004; Gao, Springel & White 2005; Harker et al. 2006; Wechsler et al. 2006; Zhu et al. 2006; Croton, Gao & White 2007; Jing, Suto, & Mo 2007; Wetzel et al. 2007; Dalal et al. 2008; Zu…”
A primer on hierarchical galaxy formation: the semi-analytical approach (2006, background): “The analysis of the correlation function of haloes in the Millennium has revealed a dependence of the clustering strength on the formation time of the halo (Gao et al. 2005b; Harker et al. 2006; see also Wechsler et al. 2005; Reed et al. 2006b; Zhu et al. 2006).”
Halo Assembly Bias in Hierarchical Structure Formation (2008, methodology): “A similar method for subhalo tracking has been employed by Springel et al. (2005), Faltenbacher et al. (2005), Kravtsov et al. (2004), Allgood et al. (2006), and Harker et al. (2006).”
Breaking the hierarchy of galaxy formation (2005, background): “The properties of our merger trees have been described by Harker et al. (2006).”
Galaxy Evolution from Halo Occupation Distribution Modeling of DEEP2 and SDSS Galaxy Clustering (2007, background): “Gao et al. (2005) find in simulations a signature of age-dependent halo clustering (the so-called “halo assembly bias”, see also Croton et al. 2007; Jing et al. 2007; Harker et al. 2006; Wechsler et al. 2006; Wetzel et al. 2007; Zhu et al. 2006; Gao & White 2007).”
The colours of satellite galaxies in groups and clusters (2008, methodology): “This version of GALFORM makes use of halo merger histories extracted from the Millennium Simulation with the techniques of Helly et al. (2003) (see also Harker et al. 2006).”
Natural downsizing in hierarchical galaxy formation (2006, background): “Using a large numerical simulation, Gao et al. (2005) and Harker et al. (2006) have founda positive correlation betweenzmain and the environment density: i.e., haloes in an overdense region assemble earlier than haloes of the same mass in an underdense region.”