Periodontal therapy may reduce the risk of preterm low birth weight in women with periodontal disease: a randomized controlled trial.

By N. López, Patricio C. Smith, J. Gutiérrez. The Journal of Periodontology, 2002

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BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that periodontal disease is a risk factor for preterm low birth weight (PLBW). A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to help further evaluate the proposed association between periodontal disease and PLBW. METHODS Four hundred pregnant women with periodontal disease, aged 18 to 35, were enrolled while receiving prenatal care in Santiago, Chile. Women were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 200), which received periodontal treatment before 28 weeks of gestation or to a control group (n = 200) which received periodontal treatment after delivery. Previous and current pregnancies and known risk factors were obtained from patient medical records and interviews. The primary outcome assessed was the delivery at less than 37 weeks of gestation or an infant weighing less than 2,500 g. RESULTS Of the 400 women enrolled, 49 were excluded from the analyses for different reasons. The incidence of PLBW in the treatment group was 1.84% (3/163) and in the control group was 10.11% (19/188), (odds ratio [OR] 5.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65 to 18.22, P= 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that periodontal disease was the strongest factor related to PLBW (OR 4.70, 95% CI 1.29 to 17.13). Other factors significantly associated with such deliveries were: previous PLBW (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.11 to 14.21), less than 6 prenatal visits (OR 3.70, 95% Cl 1.46 to 9.38), and maternal low weight gain (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.16 to 10.03). CONCLUSIONS Periodontal disease appears to be an independent risk factor for PLBW. Periodontal therapy significantly reduces the rates of PLBW in this population of women with periodontal disease.

Subfields: Nutrition and Dietetics, Periodontics

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Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care--United States. A report of the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group and the Select Panel on Preconception Care. (2006, background): “Evidence supporting interventions to reduce motherto-child transmission of cariogenic bacteria supports recommendations for the appropriate use of fluorides and dietary control to reduce maternal salivary reservoirs of cariogenic bacteria, particularly for women who have experienced high rates of de”
Placental-related diseases of pregnancy: involvement of oxidative stress and implications in human evolution (2006, background): “…also mounting evidence indicating that chronic maternal infection including cytomegalovirus-related villitis and periodontal disease is associated with a higher risk of pre-eclampsia (Loez et al., 2002; Von Dadelszen and Magee, 2002; Boggess et al., 2003; Hasegawa et al., 2003; Moore et al., 2004).”