Measuring Financial Inclusion : The Global Findex Database

By Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, L. Klapper. 2012

1,266 citations recorded by the source corpus.

This paper provides the first analysis of the Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, a new set of indicators that measure how adults in 148 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. The data show that 50 percent of adults worldwide have an account at a formal financial institution, though account penetration varies widely across regions, income groups and individual characteristics. In addition, 22 percent of adults report having saved at a formal financial institution in the past 12 months, and 9 percent report having taken out a new loan from a bank, credit union or microfinance institution in the past year. Although half of adults around the world remain unbanked, at least 35 percent of them report barriers to account use that might be addressed by public policy. Among the most commonly reported barriers are high cost, physical distance, and lack of proper documentation, though there are significant differences across regions and individual characteristics.

Subfields: Accounting, Economics and Econometrics, Finance

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36698b7863c7d64cf3fb9d17d0f4df1ff6d286dc

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Citations in the corpus

The foundations of financial inclusion : understanding ownership and use of formal accounts (2012, neutral): “The Legal Rights Index variable measures the degree to which collateral and bankruptcy laws protect the rights of borrowers and lenders and thus facilitate lending (World Bank, 2011; Djankov et al., 2007). Political Risk Rating comes from the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) of the Political ”
Financial inclusion: Policies and practices (2015, positive): “…excluded in the “Lucky Country”: lessons from under-banked Australia Vinita Godinho, Supriya Singh and Roslyn Russell, RMIT University, Australia Access to ﬁnancial services facilitates economic growth and reduces income inequality, and is critical to development (Demirguc-Kunt & Klapper, 2012).”
Measuring financial inclusion: a composite FI index for the developing countries (2020, positive): “Demirguc-Kunt and Klapper (2012); Demirguc-Kunt et al. (2015, 2018) have provided a set of indicators to measure the level of savings, borrowing, payments and risk management of adults in the world.”
The determinants of financial inclusion in Africa (2016, positive): “Indeed, in the absence of inclusive financial ystems, poverty traps can emerge and hamper economic develpment since access to financial tools allows people to invest n their education, finance projects and become entrepreneurs Demirgüç-Kunt and Klapper, 2012b).”
The Nexus of financial inclusion and financial stability : a study of trade-offs and synergies (2016, neutral): “We define financial inclusion as the use of a range of financial services by individuals and firms (consistent with definitions in Beck et al., 2007; Demirgüç-Kunt and Klapper, 2012; Allen et al., 2012; World Bank, 2014; BIS, 2015; Demirgüç-Kunt et al., 2015; and Sahay et al, 2015).”
Bridging the financial inclusion gender gap in smallholder agriculture in Nigeria: An untapped potential for sustainable development (2020, positive): “However, lack of sex disaggregated demand-side data on FI which could be compared across countries existed not until 2011, when the Global Findex database was launched (Demirguc-Kunt and Klapper, 2012).”