Numerical Simulation of a Flapping Foil with Chordwise or Spanwise Flexibility

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Unsteady propulsion near a solid boundary (2014, methodology): “At each time step a wake boundary element is shed with a strength that is set by applying an explicit Kutta condition, where the vorticity at the trailing edge is set to zero so that flow leaves the aerofoil smoothly (Willis, Peraire & White 2007; Zhu 2007; Wie, Lee & Lee 2009; Pan et al. 2012).”
Recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity (2010, background): “Zhu [227] performed numerical investigations on a thin flapping foil prescribed with pure plunge motion in forward flight in different both air and water.”
Force production and asymmetric deformation of a flexible flapping wing in forward flight (2013, unknown): “In Zhu (2007) and Michelin and Llewellyn Smith (2009), an oscillatory plate at low angles of attack was used to study thrust production of the wing.”
Analytical Sensitivity Analysis of an Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method for Flapping Wing Optimization (2009, methodology): “Smith [15] and Zhu [16] discuss the implications of coupling an unsteady vortex-lattice method with an elastic structural flapping model.”
Hydrodynamic Performance of Aquatic Flapping: Efficiency of Underwater Flight in the Manta (2016, methodology): “Biot–Savart law was used to calculate the wake deformation [24].”