Motor Control Strategies Revealed in the Structure of Motor Variability

By Mark L. Latash, John P. Scholz, Gregor Schöner. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 2002

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Motor Synergies and the Equilibrium-Point Hypothesis (2010, background): “The mentioned study of multifinger accurate force production tasks by persons with Down syndrome (Latash et al. 2002a) documented atypical patterns of finger force covariation: The persons with Down syndrome showed strong positive covariation of finger forces across trials.”
Practicing perfection: How concert soloists prepare for performance (2009, background): “other motor skills ( Latash, Scholz & Schoner, 2002;”
Hand function: peripheral and central constraints on performance. (2004, background): “Analysis of the structure of the variability of individual finger forces relative to the net rotational moment, for example, suggests that much of the apparent variation in individual finger forces is controlled actively across multiple digits to minimize the rotational moment of the hand about its ”
Structure learning in action (2010, background): “ance is reduced in the degrees of freedom that interfere with task goals,whereas variability in task-irrelevant dimensions is tolerated as a redundancy [55,76–80].”
Movement Systems as Dynamical Systems (2003, background): “[28] ageing and illness, human movement systems tend Despite recent claims that the original problem of to show a loss of complexity, defined as inadequate motor redundancy was itself inadequately formulat- adaptation to environmental changes and hence reed,[30-32] Bernstein’s preliminary insights h”