A Systematic Analysis of Supernova Light in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

By A. Zeh, S. Klose, D. Hartmann. 2003

150 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We systematically reanalyzed all gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow data published through the end of 2002 in an attempt to detect the predicted supernova light component and to gain statistical insight into its phenomenological properties. We fit the observed photometric light curves as the sum of an afterglow, an underlying host galaxy, and a supernova component. The latter is modeled using published multicolor light curves of SN 1998bw as a template. The total sample of afterglows with established redshifts contains 21 bursts (GRB 970228-GRB 021211). For nine of these GRBs a weak supernova excess (scaled to SN 1998bw) was found, which is what makes this one of the first samples of high-z core-collapse supernovae. Among this sample are all bursts with redshifts less than ~0.7. These results strongly support the notion that in fact all afterglows of long-duration GRBs contain light from an associated supernova. A statistics of the physical parameters of these GRB-supernovae shows that SN 1998bw was at the bright end of its class, while it was not special with respect to its light-curve shape. Finally, we have searched for a potential correlation of the supernova luminosities with the properties of the corresponding bursts and optical afterglows, but we have not found such a relation.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36146993c23cb051692ecec905b37b33bcaab2d9

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. Bing Zhang
2. Pawan Kumar
3. E. Berger
4. Stan Woosley
5. Xuefeng Wu
6. F. Mannucci
7. E. Liang
8. N. Smith

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

1. Bing Zhang
2. F. Mannucci
3. Z. Cano
4. Stan Woosley
5. Z. Dai
6. Ryan Chornock
7. A. Filippenko
8. J. Xavier Prochaska

In Instrumentation

1. Bing Zhang
2. Stan Woosley
3. Pawan Kumar
4. E. Liang
5. A. Filippenko
6. M. Della Valle
7. Z. Cano
8. Z. Dai

Citations in the corpus

• Signatures of Extragalactic Dust in Pre-Swift GRB Afterglows (2005, background): “…comes from the observation of late-time bumps in GRB afterglows that can be modeled very well by an underlying SN component (Bloom et al. 1999a; Zeh et al. 2004, hereafter Paper I), and which have led to the conclusion that in fact all long-duration GRBs are physically related to SN explosions…”
• A new method for estimating the bolometric properties of Ibc supernovae (2013, unknown): “…(1998), (2) Levesque et al. (2010), (3) Sahu et al. (2000), (4) Christensen et al. (2004), (5) Björnsson et al. (2001), (6) Hjorth et al. (2000), (7) Zeh et al. (2004), (8) Kann et al. (2006), (9) Küpcü Yoldaş et al. (2007), (10) Garnavich et al. (2003), (11) Bersier et al. (2003), (12)…”
• The Supernova Gamma-Ray Burst Connection (2006, background): “Zeh et al. (2004) emphasize that all GRBs with z ∼< 0.7 appear to have bumps, which of course, would be expected if all long-duration GRBs have associated SNe.”
• Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Unique Population: Luminosity Function, Local Rate, and Beaming Factor (2006, background): “In some other cases, red SNe bumps were observed in the late optical afterglow light curves (Bloom et al. 1999, 2002; Della Valle et al. 2003; Fynbo 2004; see a comprehensive sample and references in Zeh et al. 2004).”
• The physics of gamma-ray bursts & relativistic jets (2014, result): “An optimistic statement that the data are consistent with the hypothesis that all long GRBs are associated with an underlying SN was made [785,10], until the null search results for GRB 060614 and 060505 were reported in 200655 [759–761].”
• On the Rates of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Type Ib/c Supernovae (2006, background): “At larger redshifts, the GRB-SN association relies on about a dozen rebrightenings (“bumps”) observed during the late decay stages of the GRB afterglow light curve (see Zeh et al. 2004 and references therein).”
• Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era (2007, background): “In some other cases, red SNe bumps have been observed in the late optical afterglow light curves (Bloom et al. 1999a, 2002; Reichart 1999; DellaValle et al. 2003; Fynbo et al. 2004; see a comprehensive sample in Zeh et al. 2004 and references therein).”
• The Observer's Guide to the Gamma-Ray Burst-Supernova Connection (2016, methodology): “Such an approach has been used extensively over the years [17, 25, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43].”
• THE AFTERGLOWS OF SWIFT-ERA GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. II. TYPE I GRB VERSUS TYPE II GRB OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS (2008, methodology): “The limits for GRB 051221A and GRB 050813 are not very strict, as both GRBs lie at a redshift (z = 0.5−0.7) where it also becomes challenging to detect the supernova signature in Type II GRB afterglows (Zeh et al. 2004).”
• The Progenitor Stars of Gamma-Ray Bursts (2005, background): “Some, perhaps even a large fraction, are accompanied by supernovae of an unusual kind (Galama et al. 1998; Hjorth et al. 2002; Stanek et al. 2003; Zeh et al. 2004; Levan et al. 2005).”
• OBSERVATIONS OF THE NAKED-EYE GRB 080319B: IMPLICATIONS OF NATURE'S BRIGHTEST EXPLOSION (2008, methodology): “…and the evolution of the likely supernova counterpart is beyond the scope of this paper, but we performed a few basic fits using the method of Zeh et al. (2004) of the late-time observations under various model assumptions (host brightnesses, using an extrapolation of the late-time light…”
• The 2175 Å Dust Feature in a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow at Redshift 2.45 (2008, background): “The GRB-SN connection (e.g., Zeh et al. 2004; Woosley & Bloom 2006) strongly supports the association of longGRBswith the core collapse of very massive stars, and therefore with regions of high-mass star formation in the host galaxies (Paczynski 1998).”