From Conceptualizing to Measuring HIV Stigma: A Review of HIV Stigma Mechanism Measures

By V. Earnshaw, Stephenie R. Chaudoir. Aids and Behavior, 2009

1,169 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Recent analyses suggest that lack of clarity in the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma at an individual level is a significant barrier to HIV prevention and treatment efforts. In order to address this concern, we articulate a new framework designed to aid in clarifying the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma among individuals. The HIV Stigma Framework explores how the stigma of HIV elicits a series of stigma mechanisms, which in turn lead to deleterious outcomes for HIV uninfected and infected people. We then apply this framework to review measures developed to gauge the effect of HIV stigma since the beginning of the epidemic. Finally, we emphasize the utility of using three questions to guide future HIV stigma research: who is affected by, how are they affected by, and what are the outcomes of HIV stigma?

Subfields: Epidemiology, General Health Professions, Infectious Diseases

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/35586d0b42fb4ba9efd6142911a7086b97a6167c

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Epidemiology

1. R. Pearl

In General Health Professions

1. R. Pearl
2. John F. Dovidio
3. V. Earnshaw

In Infectious Diseases

1. R. Pearl
2. V. Earnshaw

Citations in the corpus

• Weight Bias and Stigma: Public Health Implications and Structural Solutions (2018, background): “These experiences may be considered examples of “enacted stigma,” or the behavioral manifestation of negative societal attitudes directed toward someone with a devalued identity (Earnshaw & Chaudoir, 2009).”
• Examining the associations between HIV-related stigma and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS: a series of meta-analyses (2016, background): “However, the extent to which people who experience a high degree of anticipated stigma may be less likely to disclose their HIV status for fear of social exclusion is unknown.(7) 48 Consequently, as questions surrounding the complex relationship between HIV-related stigma, depression and social supp”
• The Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework: a global, crosscutting framework to inform research, intervention development, and policy on health-related stigmas (2019, background): “The majority of health-related stigma frameworks explore psychological pathways at the individual level, focusing either on the individuals experiencing stigma [10, 11, 14–16, 30, 31], those perpetuating stigma [21, 26], or both [20, 24, 32].”