Hierarchical activated carbon nanofiber webs with tuned structure fabricated by electrospinning for capacitive deionization

By Gang Wang, Q. Dong, Zheng Ling, C. Pan, Chang Yu, Jieshan Qiu. 2012

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Review on the science and technology of water desalination by capacitive deionization (2013, background): “For example, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) can be electrospun to form submicrometer thin carbon fibers with good desalination properties after being blended with 5 wt% of a conductive additive (carbon black) and activation in CO2 (to increase the pore volume) [121].”
Nitrogen-doped porous carbon spheres for highly efficient capacitive deionization (2015, background): “[11] in the early 1960s various carbonaceous materials including activated carbon [12–17], carbon nanofibers [18–21], carbon aerogel [11,22–25], mesoporous carbon [26–30], carbon nanotubes [31–37] and graphene [3,38] have been applied as CDI electrodes due to their high specific surface area, good c”
Asymmetric capacitive deionization utilizing nitric acid treated activated carbon fiber as the cathode (2015, background): “Carbon aerogels [4–6], materials based on activated carbon [7–11], carbide derived carbon [12,13], mesoporous carbon [14–16], carbon nanotubes [17,18], graphene [19–”