Macrophages in Tumor Microenvironments and the Progression of Tumors
By Ning-Bo Hao, Mu-Han Lü, Ya-han Fan, Ya-Ling Cao, Zhi-ren Zhang, Shi-Ming Yang. Clinical and Developmental Immunology, 2012
962 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Macrophages are widely distributed innate immune cells that play indispensable roles in the innate and adaptive immune response to pathogens and in-tissue homeostasis. Macrophages can be activated by a variety of stimuli and polarized to functionally different phenotypes. Two distinct subsets of macrophages have been proposed, including classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. M1 macrophages express a series of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and effector molecules, such as IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, iNOS and MHCI/II. In contrast, M2 macrophages express a wide array of anti-inflammatory molecules, such as IL-10, TGF-β, and arginase1. In most tumors, the infiltrated macrophages are considered to be of the M2 phenotype, which provides an immunosuppressive microenvironment for tumor growth. Furthermore, tumor-associated macrophages secrete many cytokines, chemokines, and proteases, which promote tumor angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Recently, it was also found that tumor-associated macrophages interact with cancer stem cells. This interaction leads to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. So mediating macrophage to resist tumors is considered to be potential therapy.
Subfields: Immunology, Molecular Biology, Oncology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/34cba8534affb7390f3e69f25c02083371461b60
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Citations in the corpus
- The Tumor Microenvironment: A Milieu Hindering and Obstructing Antitumor Immune Responses (2020, background): “Moreover, TGF-β-secreting cells such as TAMs and tumor cells suppress T cells, NK cells, decline DC migration, and promote CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th2 and Tregs (73).”
- Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy (2020, background): “M2 macrophages are generally considered to be the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), [454] [455] [456] have immunosuppressive and angiogenesis-promoting effects, and are considered to be a tumor-promoting cell type.”
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Major Players in the Tumor Microenvironment (2014, background): “Other CC chemokines including CCL3, CCL4, CCL5 (RANTES), and CCL22 (macrophage-derived chemokine) and some CXC chemokines, in particular CXCL8, may also be involved in TAM recruitment [6,26,27], because they are highly expressed in many human tumors and various tumor cell lines.”