Enhanced forward osmosis from chemically modified polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes with a thin wall

By K. Wang, Qian Yang, T. Chung, R. Rajagopalan. 2009

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A sulfonated polyphenylenesulfone (sPPSU) as the supporting substrate in thin film composite (TFC) membranes with enhanced performance for forward osmosis (FO) (2013, unknown): “Vast developments of FO membranes have been in the form of asymmetric flat sheet or hollow fiber membranes via phase inversion technique [15–21].”
Forward osmosis for application in wastewater treatment: a review. (2014, background): “These findings were corroborated for hollow fibre NF membranes (Wang et al., 2009) and CTA-FO membranes (Cornelissen et al.”
Evolution of polymeric hollow fibers as sustainable technologies: Past, present, and future (2012, methodology): “The preferred support layer for FO membranes would be as thin as possible or non-existent with minimal resistance to osmotically driven water transport [188–192].”
Novel cellulose ester substrates for high performance flat-sheet thin-film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membranes (2015, background): “Various phase-inversion [9–11], thin-film composite [12–20] and layer-by-layer (LbL) membranes [21,22] have been developed.”
Recent advances in polymer and polymer composite membranes for reverse and forward osmosis processes (2016, background): “[443] Later studies further verified functionalization of PBI flat sheet membranes, e.”