The Einstein Toolkit: a community computational infrastructure for relativistic astrophysics

By F. Löffler, J. Faber, E. Bentivegna, Tanja Bode, Peter Diener, Roland Haas, Ian Hinder, B. Mundim, Christian D. Ott, Erik Schnetter and 3 more. 2011

504 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We describe the Einstein Toolkit, a community-driven, freely accessible computational infrastructure intended for use in numerical relativity, relativistic astrophysics, and other applications. The toolkit, developed by a collaboration involving researchers from multiple institutions around the world, combines a core set of components needed to simulate astrophysical objects such as black holes, compact objects, and collapsing stars, as well as a full suite of analysis tools. The Einstein Toolkit is currently based on the Cactus framework for high-performance computing and the Carpet adaptive mesh refinement driver. It implements spacetime evolution via the BSSN evolution system and general relativistic hydrodynamics in a finite-volume discretization. The toolkit is under continuous development and contains many new code components that have been publicly released for the first time and are described in this paper. We discuss the motivation behind the release of the toolkit, the philosophy underlying its development, and the goals of the project. A summary of the implemented numerical techniques is included, as are results of numerical test covering a variety of sample astrophysical problems.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/345ccecda3b2bc80b5fc1f9cc057073a6bdeb2a0

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Citations in the corpus

Three-dimensional GRMHD Simulations of Neutrino-cooled Accretion Disks from Neutron Star Mergers (2017, methodology): “Our simulations of post-merger accretion disks are performed in ideal GRMHD using the open-source EinsteinToolkit4 (Löffler et al. 2012) with the GRMHD code GRHydro (Mösta et al. 2014).”
GENERAL-RELATIVISTIC SIMULATIONS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE (2012, methodology): “We use a flux-conservative formulation of the GR Euler equations, implemented in the GR hydrodynamics module GRHydro, which is part of the Einstein Toolkit (Löffler et al. 2012).”
Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts, and Nucleosynthesis (2018, methodology): “Our code uses Berger–Oliger conservative adaptive mesh refinement (AMR; Berger & Oliger 1984) with sub-cycling in time and refluxing (Berger & Colella 1989; Reisswig et al. 2013a) as provided by the Carpet module of the Einstein Toolkit (Schnetter et al. 2004).”
MAGNETOROTATIONAL CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE IN THREE DIMENSIONS (2014, methodology): “We employ ideal GRMHD with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) and spacetime evolution provided by the opensource EinsteinToolkit (Mösta et al. 2014; Löffler et al. 2012).”
Dynamical Mass Ejection from Binary Neutron Star Mergers (2016, background): “Finally, we evolve the spacetime with the BSSNOK formulation of the Einstein equations (Nakamura et al. 1987; Shibata & Nakamura 1995; Baumgarte & Shapiro 1999), us- MNRAS 000, 000–000 (0000) ing the Mclachlan code (Brown et al. 2009), which is part of the Einstein Toolkit (Löffler et al. 2012), an”
Deep Learning for Real-time Gravitational Wave Detection and Parameter Estimation with Advanced LIGO Data (2017, methodology): “eforms obtained from simulations of eccentric BBH systems on Blue Waters, with eccentricities between 0.1 and 0.2 when entering the LIGO band, that we performed using the open-source Einstein Toolkit [27, 28], as well as waveforms from spin-precessing binaries from the public SXS catalog [29]. We fo”
Spontaneous scalarisation of charged black holes: coupling dependence and dynamical features (2019, methodology): “We have also considered evolutions with a non-spherical perturbation using the freely available Einstein Toolkit [50, 51].”
GRChombo: Numerical relativity with adaptive mesh refinement (2015, methodology): “Lean is based on the Cactus computational toolkit [74] and realizes moving-box mesh refinement via the Carpet package [75, 76], both of which are part of the open-source Einstein Toolkit [13, 23].”
The imitation game: Proca stars that can mimic the Schwarzschild shadow (2021, methodology): “Here we have used the Einstein Toolkit to perform the dynamical evolutions [76–78], the Proca equations being solved with a modification of the Proca thorn [79, 80] for a complex Proca field; this setup has been used previously in [39, 66].”
Beyond second-order convergence in simulations of binary neutron stars in full general-relativity (2013, methodology): “The spacetime evolution, instead, makes use of the BSSNOK formulation of the Einstein equations (Nakamura et al. 1987; Shibata & Nakamura 1995; Baumgarte & Shapiro 1998) and it is performed using theMclachlan code of theEinstein Toolkit (Löffler et al. 2012; Brown et al. 2009; Schnetter et al. 2004”
FORMATION OF STABLE MAGNETARS FROM BINARY NEUTRON STAR MERGERS (2013, methodology): “…numerical methods can be found in Giacomazzo et al. (2011a), except that in our work the spacetime evolution is obtained using the McLachlan code (Löffler et al. 2012), and Whisky now implements the modified Lorenz gauge to evolve the vector potential and the magnetic field (Farris et al. 2012).”