Climate Response to External Sources of Freshwater: North Atlantic versus the Southern Ocean

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Hindcasting the continuum of Dansgaard–Oeschger variability: mechanisms, patterns and timing (2013, methodology): “The dominant EOF mode is characterized by a meridional temperature seesaw in accordance with numerous other modeling studies (Stouffer et al., 2006, 2007; Timmermann et al., 2009a; Kageyama et al., 2013) and paleoclimate data sets (Blunier et al., 1998; Barker et al., 2009; Stenni et al., 2011).”
The last deglaciation: timing the bipolar seesaw (2011, background): “However, recent model experiments have questioned the efﬁcacy of such “southern triggers”, suggesting that freshwater forcing in the south may lead to local cooling but has little effect on the strength of the AMOC or on temperatures in the north (Stouffer et al., 2007; Swingedouw et al., 2009).”
A systematic study of the impact of freshwater pulses with respect to different geographical locations (2010, background): “The NADW export to the Southern Ocean is defined here as the maximum of the Atlantic overturning streamfunction at 20 S.”