Extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resources

By Dereca Watkins, M. Nuruddin, M. Hosur, A. Tcherbi-Narteh, S. Jeelani. 2015

738 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass has been acknowledged for potential use to produce chemicals and biomaterials. Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer with cellulose being number one, making up to 10–25% of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignin is a three-dimensional, highly cross-linked macromolecule composed of three types of substituted phenols, which include: coniferyl, sinapyl, and p-coumaryl alcohols by enzymatic polymerization, yielding a vast number of functional groups and linkages. There is a wide range of lignin sources available, including: jute, hemp, cotton, and wood pulp. Hence, the lignin's physical and chemical behavior will be different with respect to the original source and extraction method used. The objective of this research is to extract lignin from nonwood cellulosic biomass (Wheat straw, Pine straw, Alfalfa, Kenaf, and Flax fiber) by formic acid treatment followed by peroxyformic acid treatment for the potential use as a partial replacement for the phenol precursor in resole phenolic systems. Isolated lignins were purified to remove impurities and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis to compare thermal properties and chemical composition. It was found that lignin obtained from alfalfa provided the greatest yield of the various sources. Enthalpy measurements were higher for lignin from flax fiber and alfalfa at 190.57 and 160.90 J/g, respectively. The source of lignin samples was seen to affect the thermal properties. Overall, lignin extracted from wheat straw had the greatest thermal stability followed very closely by that obtained from flax fiber.

Subfields: Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering, Polymers and Plastics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3438624d0bfd4950318c754a7578c698fa4ce480

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Biomaterials

1. A. F. Tarchoun
2. D. Trache
3. Helena Pereira
4. N. Brosse
5. Philippe Dubois

In Biomedical Engineering

1. D. Trache
2. Helena Pereira
3. A. Lourenço
4. N. Brosse
5. Philippe Dubois
6. A. F. Tarchoun

In Polymers and Plastics

1. Helena Pereira
2. Philippe Dubois
3. Masami Okamoto
4. S. Sinha Ray
5. V. Mittal

Citations in the corpus

• Compositional Variability of Lignin in Biomass (2018, background): “Some of the bands related to lignin are found at 1600 and 1500 cm−1 due to the aromatic skeleton vibration of the benzene ring, at 1300 and 1200 cm−1 related to syringyl and guaiacyl lignin units and the bands at 1716 and 1711 cm−1 are attributed to phenol esterification and the alcohol of the propa”
• Phosphorus and nitrogen derivatization as efficient route for improvement of lignin flame retardant action in PLA (2016, background): “Moreover, the relative absorbances of bands attributed to syringyl (1260 cm (1)) and guaiacyl (1193 cm (1)) units indicate that kraft lignin contains both of these units whereas organosolv lignin is mainly constituted of syringyl units [34].”
• Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties and Thermal Stability of Organosolv and Kraft Lignins from Hardwood and Softwood Biomass for Their Potential Valorization (2020, background): “Besides being a sustainable alternative to petrochemicals, it is considered as a rich low cost source of chemicals, fuels, biopolymers and sugars [1, 2].”