LOX-1, OxLDL, and Atherosclerosis

By A. Pirillo, G. Norata, Alberico L. Catapano. Mediators of Inflammation, 2013

738 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) contributes to the atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression by several mechanisms, including the induction of endothelial cell activation and dysfunction, macrophage foam cell formation, and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. Vascular wall cells express on their surface several scavenger receptors that mediate the cellular effects of OxLDL. The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is the main OxLDL receptor of endothelial cells, and it is expressed also in macrophages and smooth muscle cells. LOX-1 is almost undetectable under physiological conditions, but it is upregulated following the exposure to several proinflammatory and proatherogenic stimuli and can be detected in animal and human atherosclerotic lesions. The key contribution of LOX-1 to the atherogenic process has been confirmed in animal models; LOX-1 knockout mice exhibit reduced intima thickness and inflammation and increased expression of protective factors; on the contrary, LOX-1 overexpressing mice present an accelerated atherosclerotic lesion formation which is associated with increased inflammation. In humans, LOX-1 gene polymorphisms were associated with increased susceptibility to myocardial infarction. Inhibition of the LOX-1 receptor with chemicals or antisense nucleotides is currently being investigated and represents an emerging approach for controlling OxLDL-LOX-1 mediated proatherogenic effects.

Subfields: Complementary and alternative medicine, Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3419fc45b4a837b1031a2514f07ae3f7faec52e8

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Citations in the corpus

• Mechanisms of foam cell formation in atherosclerosis (2017, background): “Inflammatory modulators, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines [9], oxLDL [10], LPS [68], AGEs [58], mitochondrial ROS [69], and others may serve as potent inductors of upregulation of LOX-1 expression in macrophages.”
• Lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor-1 distinguishes population of human polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer patients (2016, background): “ER stress regulates LOX-1 expression in PMN-MDSC What could induce LOX-1 up-regulation in PMN-MDSC?On the basis of the fact that in endothelial cells LOX-1 canbe induced byproinflammatory cytokines (25), we tested the effect of several cytokines and tumor cell– conditioned medium (TCM) on LOX-1 expr”
• Research Progress on the Relationship between Atherosclerosis and Inflammation (2018, background): “The monocytes differentiate to macrophages that engulf oxLDL deposits and transform into foam cells [8].”
• Endothelial Dysfunction and Hypertension. (2016, background): “Thus, LOX-1 is important in endothelial-mediated vascular homeostasis and coagulation prevention under physiological conditions (Pirillo et al. 2013; Dunn et al. 2008).”