Estrutura e diversidade do componente arbóreo da floresta na Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, Gália, SP

By G. Durigan, Geraldo Antônio Daher, Corrêa Franco, Masahiro Saito, João Batista Baitello. 2000

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Structure and diversity of the arboreal component of the forest at Caetetus Ecological Station, Galia, SP). Phytosociology of distinct tree strata in tropical forests can be an important tool to understand community dynamics. The arboreal community of an area (6,000 m 2 ) of mature forest was surveyed at the Caetetus Ecological Station, Galia, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. This protected area has one of the last significant forest remnants in Western Sao Paulo State, covering an area of 2,178.84 ha in a region where coffee plantation and pasture are dominant. Although the fragment has been protected against fire and exploitation for many years, there are visible edge effects. The sampling area in this study was intended to be representative of the original primary forest, free from edge effects. The arboreal community was divided into three strata: DBH equal to or higher than 5 cm (upper), DBH between 1 and 5 cm (intermediate) and DBH below 1 cm (lower). In each layer, 60 permanent plots, with different sizes were installed, being: 10 x 10 m (upper layer); 10 x2m( intermediate layer) and 2x2m( lower layer). The upper stratum had 1,080 ind.ha -1 , 62 species (28 families), being the most important (decreasing order): Metrodorea nigra, Savia dictyocarpa, Ocotea indecora, Aspidosperma polyneuron and Trichilia catigua. The intermediate stratum had 3,525 ind.ha -1 , 30 species (17 families), being the most important: Metrodorea nigra, Actinostemon concolor, Trichilia catigua, Aspidosperma polyneuron and Trichilia claussenii. The density in the lower stratum was 28,875 ind.ha -1 , from 37 species (19 families), being the most abundant, in decreasing relative density: Metrodorea nigra, Actinostemon concolor, Trichilia catigua, Aspidosperma polyneuron and Eugenia blastantha. Some of the species of the upper stratum was absent in the other strata, especially heliophytes, typical from early sucessional stages (e.g. Croton floribundus). Other species had decreasing importance values from the upper to the lower stratum (e.g. Savia dictyocarpa and Ocotea indecora). There were species whose seeds germinated but plants did not grow in the shade (e.g. Cariniana estrellensis). Finally, there was a group of species, typical from late successional stages, that had similar relative density in all strata, e.g. Metrodorea nigra and Aspidosperma polyneuron. RESUMO - (Estrutura e diversidade do componente arboreo da floresta na Estacao Ecologica dos Caetetus, Galia, SP). O estudo fitossociologico, se realizado em diferentes estratos verticais da floresta, fornece dados de grande valia para a compreensao da dinâmica da comunidade. Efetuou-se levantamento das especies arboreas presentes em diferentes estratos, em area de 6.000 m 2 de floresta madura, na Estacao Ecologica dos Caetetus, Galia, SP. Foram utilizadas 60 parcelas de 10 x 10 m, para individuos com diâmetro do caule a 1,30 m acima do nivel do solo (DAP) a partir de 5 cm (estrato superior); 10 x 2 m, para individuos com DAP entre 1 e 5 cm (estrato intermediario) e 60 sub-parcelas de 2 x 2 m, para individuos menores que 1 cm de DAP (estrato inferior). Verificou-se que a diversidade, a composicao floristica e a densidade relativa das especies variam entre estratos. No estrato superior, com 1.080 individuos.ha -1 ea rea basal de 31,2 m 2 .ha -1 , encontraram-se 62 especies (28 familias), tendo sido as mais importantes, em ordem decrescente de IVI: Metrodorea nigra, Savia dictyocarpa, Ocotea indecora, Aspidosperma polyneuron e Trichilia catigua. O estrato intermediario apresentou-se com densidade de 3.525 individuos.ha -1 , pertencentes a 30 especies (17 familias), sendo as mais importantes em ordem decrescente de IVI: Metrodorea nigra, Actinostemon concolor, Trichilia catigua, Aspidosperma polyneuron e Trichilia clausenii .N o estrato inferior a densidade foi de 28.875 individuos.ha -1 , pertencentes a 37 especies (19 familias), sendo as mais abundantes, em ordem decrescente de densidade relativa: Metrodorea nigra, Actinostemon concolor, Trichilia catigua, Aspidosperma polyneuron e Eugenia blastantha. Constatou-se que ha especies do estrato superior da floresta que nao foram observadas em regeneracao, especialmente heliofitas de estadios sucessionais iniciais (p. ex. Croton floribundus). Outras ocorreram com densidade relativa decrescente nos estratos inferiores (p. ex. Savia dictyocarpa e Ocotea indecora). Para outras especies, as sementes germinaram, mas nao se desenvolveram a sombra, estando ausentes no estrato intermediario (p. ex. Cariniana estrellensis). Observou-se, ainda, um grupo de especies, de estadios sucessionais mais avancados, que apresentaram a mesma densidade relativa em todos os estratos (p. ex. Metrodorea nigra e Aspidosperma polyneuron).

Subfields: Forestry, Nature and Landscape Conservation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/336f620c54170b8a627a8708b742f6467b73ed47

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