Effects of a rapidly increasing population of common carp on vegetative cover and waterfowl in a recently restored Midwestern shallow lake

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Recruitment and abundance of an invasive fish, the common carp, is driven by its propensity to invade and reproduce in basins that experience winter-time hypoxia in interconnected lakes (2009, background): “…it has either caused, or been associated with, largescale and significant reductions in water quality and ecosystem health as a consequence of its habit of benthic feeding which uproots plants and liberates sediments as well as nutrients (Crivelli 1983; Parkos et al. 2003; Bajer et al. 2009).”
Using the Judas technique to locate and remove wintertime aggregations of invasive common carp (2011, background): “In many regions, especially North America and Australia, the carp is invasive and super-abundant (Bajer et al. 2009; Weber & Brown 2009; Bajer & Sorensen 2010).”
Experimental Evidence from Causal Criteria Analysis for the Effects of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio on Freshwater Ecosystems: A Global Perspective (2015, background): “These results were recently further supported by findings that a threshold carp biomass of 100 kg ha¡1 may already cause a dramatic decline in vegetation cover and waterfowl abundance (Bajer et al., 2009), and by laboratory experiments suggesting that not only adults but also 0C carp can cause drama”