The Ecosystem as Helix: An Exploratory Theory‐Building Study of Regional Co‐Opetitive Entrepreneurial Ecosystems as Quadruple/Quintuple Helix Innovation Models

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Innovation performance: The effect of knowledge-based dynamic capabilities in cross-country innovation ecosystems (2021, neutral): “Once regarded as a safeguard for the most advanced economies, innovation is now considered imperative for all economies (Carayannis et al. 2018; Vargo et al. 2015; Youtie & Shapira, 2008; Zahra & Nam-bisan, 2011).”
Micro- and Macro-Dynamics of Open Innovation with a Quadruple-Helix Model (2019, background): “The issue of society is revealed in the quadruple‐helix theory, as civil society, including media, users, agencies, and culture can drive the innovation process [56].”
Helix Trilogy: the Triple, Quadruple, and Quintuple Innovation Helices from a Theory, Policy, and Practice Set of Perspectives (2021, background): “…capabilities, but also the access, incorporation, and integration of technology and other knowledge from the outside of the organization (Alavi & Leidner, 2001; Carayannis et al., 2018b furthermore, see Bast et al., 2019, pp. 245–246; Carayannis, 2019a, b, c; Carayannis & Campbell, 2020).”