Availability of free-space optics (FSO) and hybrid FSO/RF systems

By Isaac I. Kim, E. Korevaar. SPIE ITCom, 2001

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Emerging Optical Wireless Communications-Advances and Challenges (2015, background): “Correspondingly, in IM/DD based systems this leads to the random fluctuations in both temporal and spatial domains of the received irradiance, known as the channel fading [6], [45]–[54].”
Free Space Optical Communications — Theory and Practices (2014, background): “The advantages and disadvantages of FSO are as following [1,2]:”
Physical-Layer Security in Free-Space Optical Communications (2015, methodology): “Typical values for the atmospheric attenuation loss are considered [34], as well as a moderate turbulence scenario modeled by the Gamma-Gamma distribution with 1⁄4 4:0 and 1⁄4 1:9.”
Atmospheric effects on availability of free space optics systems (2009, methodology): “Improved FSO availability can be obtained, for example, with the hybrid FSO/RF communication systems, where the RF link backs up at lower data rates the FSO if atmospheric attenuation exceeds the permissible limit.(1) As is obvious from the results, the power loss caused by turbulence reduces the li”