Neuropathogenesis and Neurologic Manifestations of the Coronaviruses in the Age of Coronavirus Disease 2019 A Review
By Adeel S. Zubair, Lindsay Mcalpine, T. Gardin, S. Farhadian, Deena E. Kuruvilla, S Spudich. JAMA Neurology, 2020
865 citations recorded by the source corpus.
IMPORTANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019, causing human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has now spread into a worldwide pandemic. The pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have been well described in the literature. Two similar human coronaviruses that cause Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) are known to cause disease in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Emerging evidence suggests COVID-19 has neurologic consequences as well. OBSERVATIONS This review serves to summarize available information regarding coronaviruses in the nervous system, identify the potential tissue targets and routes of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the central nervous system, and describe the range of clinical neurological complications that have been reported thus far in COVID-19 and their potential pathogenesis. Viral neuroinvasion may be achieved by several routes, including transsynaptic transfer across infected neurons, entry via the olfactory nerve, infection of vascular endothelium, or leukocyte migration across the blood-brain barrier. The most common neurologic complaints in COVID-19 are anosmia, ageusia, and headache, but other diseases, such as stroke, impairment of consciousness, seizure, and encephalopathy, have also been reported. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Recognition and understanding of the range of neurological disorders associated with COVID-19 may lead to improved clinical outcomes and better treatment algorithms. Further neuropathological studies will be crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of the disease in the central nervous system, and longitudinal neurologic and cognitive assessment of individuals after recovery from COVID-19 will be crucial to understand the natural history of COVID-19 in the central nervous system and monitor for any long-term neurologic sequelae.
Subfields: Infectious Diseases, Molecular Biology, Neurology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32c841d9f510cec99bdb17596366b1b1504739a1
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Citations in the corpus
- The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings (2020, background): “The postulated mechanisms of the various neurological syndromes include, either individually or in combination, direct viral neuronal injury (Zubair et al., 2020), a secondary hyperinflammation syndrome (Mehta et al.”
- Symptoms, complications and management of long COVID: a review (2021, background): “The occurrence of encephalitis, seizures and other conditions such as major mood swings and cognitive impairment (brain fog) have been reported in patients up to two to three months after the onset of acute illness.(72) Magnetic resonance imaging scanning (diffusion tensor imaging and three-dimensio”