Thermal stresses and deposition patterns in layered manufacturing

By Alexander Nickel, D. Barnett, F. Prinz. 2001

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An Overview of Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Components by Directed Energy Deposition: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties (2017, methodology): “have found that by using the raster strategy which is the simplest and most common strategy and rotation of 90◦ for any subsequent layer it would be possible to build different components with less part deflections [101].”
An improved prediction of residual stresses and distortion in additive manufacturing (2017, background): “assumption that the entire deposit is heated and then cooled [22], or building a part by a single layer deposition [23].”
Additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys: The outstanding issues (2016, neutral): “small coefficient of thermal expansion, large thermal diffusivity, high thermal conductivity) (14, 27, 35, 36), phase transformation or precipitation (12, 23), geometry of component (20, 25, 26, 34), the position of specimens (20), processing parameters (12, 15, 26, 28), base plate (10, 19), and sca”
A model research for prototype warp deformation in the FDM process (2007, background): “[3] investigated the metal parts produced using shaped deposition manufacturing (SDM).”
Experimental investigation and empirical modelling of FDM process for compressive strength improvement (2012, background): “Therefore, short raster length is preferred along the long axis of part to reduce the stresses [22].”