A scalable location service for geographic ad hoc routing

By Jinyang Li, John Jannotti, Douglas S. J. De Couto, David R Karger, Robert Morris. ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 2000

1,887 citations recorded by the source corpus.

GLS is a new distributed location service which tracks mobile node locations. GLS combined with geographic forwarding allows the construction of ad hoc mobile networks that scale to a larger number of nodes than possible with previous work. GLS is decentralized and runs on the mobile nodes themselves, requiring no fixed infrastructure. Each mobile node periodically updates a small set of other nodes (its location servers) with its current location. A node sends its position updates to its location servers without knowing their actual identities, assisted by a predefined ordering of node identifiers and a predefined geographic hierarchy. Queries for a mobile node's location also use the predefined identifier ordering and spatial hierarchy to find a location server for that node. Experiments using the ns simulator for up to 600 mobile nodes show that the storage and bandwidth requirements of GLS grow slowly with the size of the network. Furthermore, GLS tolerates node failures well: each failure has only a limited effect and query performance degrades gracefully as nodes fail and restart. The query performance of GLS is also relatively insensitive to node speeds. Simple geographic forwarding combined with GLS compares favorably with Dynamic Source Routing (DSR): in larger networks (over 200 nodes) our approach delivers more packets, but consumes fewer network resources.

Subfields: Computer Networks and Communications, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32a5db95cc0d8b501517634719ce691f0ca8ff84

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In Computer Networks and Communications

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Citations in the corpus

Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing (2001, background): “Grid location service (GLS) [20] provides location services by duplicating a node's location in a small subset of other nodes.”
RAP: a real-time communication architecture for large-scale wireless sensor networks (2002, background): “Location addressed communication means that GF can be used without a location directory service [ 12 ], which could introduce extra management and communication overhead.”
Geographic routing without location information (2003, methodology): “The most widely known proposal is GFG/GPSR [27, 17], but several other geographic routing schemes have been proposed [1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 19 , 20].3 One of the key challenges in geographic routing is how to deal with dead-ends, where greedy routing fails because a node has no neighbor closer to the d”
BLR: beacon-less routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks (2004, background): “) Furthermore, there is a mechanism which enables the source to detect accurately enough the destination node’s position ([32], [33], [34]).”
Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks (2003, methodology): “For such networks, location is being used (i) to identify the location at which sensor readings originate, (for example, identifying a target’s position during tracking, providing the location of an earthquake survivor buried underneath rubble during disaster relief operations) (ii) in novel communi”
Anchor-Free Distributed Localization in Sensor Networks (2003, background): “In addition, geographic information, for instance in the form of node coordinates in some common coordinate system, is a useful primitive in routing protocols such as geographic routing [16], information dissemination protocols such as directed diffusion using location attributes [15], and sensor qu”
Connectivity-Aware Routing (CAR) in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (2007, background): “A “FORWARDING POINTER” in HELLO beacons is used in ELF (Efficient Location Forwarding) [26] to redirect between home regions, and in the Grid Location Service [27] to keep track of to which cell the node moved to from the current cell.”
Mobile ad hoc networking: imperatives and challenges (2003, background): “For example, in [164], the grid hierarchy and the node identifiers define for each mobile node a small set of other nodes (its location servers) designed to contain its current location.”
Toward self-organized mobile ad hoc networks: the terminodes project (2001, background): “A solution to this problem is provided in [7].”
A survey on routing algorithms for wireless Ad-Hoc and mesh networks (2012, positive): “GLS [76] is a geographical routing technique which provides location service to speed up the routing process.”
Distributed algorithms for transmission power control in wireless sensor networks (2003, background): “Information needed for the algorithms are also available in other, sensor-networkrelated protocols [6], thus it can obtain this information without additional overhead and the energy consumption is negligible.”
Localization Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks: Current Approaches and Future Challenges (2010, background): “It can also be used in hospital environments to keep track of equipments, patients, doctors and nurses [1].”
Performance of multihop wireless networks: shortest path is not enough (2003, background): “More details about the Grid project are available at http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/grid.”
Position-based routing in ad hoc networks (2002, methodology): “It has been experimentally confirmed [5, 6] that routing protocols that do not use geographic location in the routing decisions, such as AODV , DSDV , or DSR (a recent survey is given in [7]) are not scalable.”
A survey on position-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks (2001, background): “GLS and Homezone are similar to each other in that each node selects a sub-set of all available nodes as position servers.”
Efficient geographic routing in multihop wireless networks (2005, background): “Geographic routing may exploit location service systems [7] and location computation systems [6].”
A directionality based location discovery scheme for wireless sensor networks (2002, background): “Examples of such localized network function include locationaided routing, collaborative signal processing, and optimization of communication tasks in the network [11, 13, 10, 7].”