Type VI secretion delivers bacteriolytic effectors to target cells
By Alistair B. Russell, Rachel D. Hood, N. K. Bui, Michele LeRoux, W. Vollmer, J. D. Mougous. Nature, 2011
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Peptidoglycan is the major structural constituent of the bacterial cell wall, forming a meshwork outside the cytoplasmic membrane that maintains cell shape and prevents lysis. In Gram-negative bacteria, peptidoglycan is located in the periplasm, where it is protected from exogenous lytic enzymes by the outer membrane. Here we show that the type VI secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa breaches this barrier to deliver two effector proteins, Tse1 and Tse3, to the periplasm of recipient cells. In this compartment, the effectors hydrolyse peptidoglycan, thereby providing a fitness advantage for P. aeruginosa cells in competition with other bacteria. To protect itself from lysis by Tse1 and Tse3, P. aeruginosa uses specific periplasmically localized immunity proteins. The requirement for these immunity proteins depends on intercellular self-intoxication through an active type VI secretion system, indicating a mechanism for export whereby effectors do not access donor cell periplasm in transit.
Subfields: Endocrinology, Genetics, Molecular Medicine
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/326cdefe230a2df179ba94729d1df9f397c7e782
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Citations in the corpus
- Microbiota in health and diseases (2022, background): “The system works by contact cells delivering effectors, such as degraders of nucleotide, cell walls and membranes, into the cytoplasm.(36) Moreover, this system may also contribute to the abundance of Bacteroides species in the mouse and human gut.”
- Bacterial Secretion Systems – An overview (2016, background): “These effectors have many forms and functions, with many directed against the bacterial cell wall and membrane, which supports a role for this secretion apparatus in promoting interspecies bacterial competition (100, 101).”
- Structure-Based Prototype Peptides Targeting the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type VI Secretion System Effector as a Novel Antibacterial Strategy (2017, background): “These effectors participate in inter- and intra-species competition, and they are produced concomitantly with specific immunity proteins that neutralize cognate toxins to prevent autointoxication (Russell et al., 2011, 2012, 2013; Whitney et al., 2015).”
- Comparative Genomics of Plant-Associated Pseudomonas spp.: Insights into Diversity and Inheritance of Traits Involved in Multitrophic Interactions (2012, background): “aeruginosa [119], were not found in these genomes.”
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics (2022, background): “Similarly, H1-Tse1 and Tse3 are injected into the periplasm of other bacteria to hydrolyze peptidoglycan, which can be counteracted by periplasmic immune proteins Tse1 and Tse3.(128) Tse4, Tse5, Tse6, and Tse7 that also show antibacterial activity are associated with homologous immunity.”