Diagnostic Evaluation of Low Back Pain with Emphasis on Imaging

By J. Jarvik, R. Deyo. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2002

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Spinal stenosis prevalence and association with symptoms: The Framingham Study (2009, methodology): “However, although MRI currently appears to be the imaging modality of choice, for the purposes of the current study, and in regard to previously published literature, CT is a reasonable alternative for the evaluation of lumbar stenosis [26–28].”
Systematic Literature Review of Imaging Features of Spinal Degeneration in Asymptomatic Populations (2014, neutral): “Disk degeneration 273 (9) 604 (16) 415 (12) 311 (10) 80 (4) 20 (2) 19 (2) Disk signal loss 46 (2) 142 (5) 352 (4) 73 (2) 35 (1) 15 (1) 14 (1) Disk height loss 15 (1) 163 (5) 186 (5) 208 (5) 35 (1) 15 (1) 14 (1) Disk bulge 55 (4) 101 (7) 151 (8) 123 (7) 66 (5) 24 (3) 22 (3) Disk protrusion 87 (5) 468”
Low back pain. (2015, background): “Radiography Lumbar Spine In patients with history of osteoporosis or steroid use, initial evaluation with radiography is useful [55].”
Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain: A Joint Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society (2007, background): “Magnetic resonance imaging is generally preferred over CT if available because it does not use ionizing radiation and provides better visualization of soft tissue, vertebral marrow, and the spinal canal (22).”