Attojoule Optoelectronics for Low-Energy Information Processing and Communications

By David A. B. Miller. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2016

621 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Optics offers unique opportunities for reducing energy in information processing and communications while simultaneously resolving the problem of interconnect bandwidth density inside machines. Such energy dissipation overall is now at environmentally significant levels; the source of that dissipation is progressively shifting from logic operations to interconnect energies. Without the prospect of substantial reduction in energy per bit communicated, we cannot continue the exponential growth of our use of information. The physics of optics and optoelectronics fundamentally addresses both interconnect energy and bandwidth density, and optics may be the only scalable solution to such problems. Here we summarize the corresponding background, status, opportunities, and research directions for optoelectronic technology and novel optics, including subfemtojoule devices in waveguide and novel two-dimensional (2-D) array optical systems. We compare different approaches to low-energy optoelectronic output devices and their scaling, including lasers, modulators and LEDs, optical confinement approaches (such as resonators) to enhance effects, and the benefits of different material choices, including 2-D materials and other quantum-confined structures. With such optoelectronic energy reductions, and the elimination of line charging dissipation by the use optical connections, the next major interconnect dissipations are in the electronic circuits for receiver amplifiers, timing recovery, and multiplexing. We show we can address these through the integration of photodetectors to reduce or eliminate receiver circuit energies, free-space optics to eliminate the need for timing and multiplexing circuits (while also solving bandwidth density problems), and using optics generally to save power by running large synchronous systems. One target concept is interconnects from ∼1 cm to ∼10 m that have the same energy (∼10 fJ/bit) and simplicity as local electrical wires on chip.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/31f3caf805178c72cf73e01f80e585bd10af7a89

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In Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Citations in the corpus

The physics of optical computing (2023, background): “…chips, especially over very short distances, is that the optoelectronic components to transduce signals between the optical and electrical domains cost both space and energy, and it is only worth paying these costs when the distance the signal needs to travel is long enough 79 .”
Large-Scale Optical Neural Networks based on Photoelectric Multiplication (2018, methodology): “/neuron is below the energy gures for ADCs, it would require well-designed analog electronics (for the nonlinear activation function) and very tight integration between detector, logic, and modulator [26]. At these energies, shot noise is also non-negligible and the SQL becomes relevant, but as ment”
Taking silicon photonics modulators to a higher performance level: state-of-the-art and a review of new technologies (2021, positive): “The FK effect and the QCS effect provide possible routes to implement compact, low-power, and high-speed electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) in SiPh.(31,143,144,146,149) Under the influence of an applied electric field, the band edge tilts to enhance the absorption coefficient for GeSi bulk materia”