The extinction of woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus) in Europe

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Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions on the continents: a short review (2015, background): “Palaeoloxodon antiquus (straight-tusked elephant) was widespread in Europe in the Last Interglacial period (Eemian) in association with regional temperate and Mediterranean forests but may have retreated south of the Pyrenees and Alps in response to cooler temperatures and the spread of open vegetat”
Extinction chronology of the woolly rhinoceros Coelodonta antiquitatis in the context of late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions in northern Eurasia (2012, background): “…was widespread in Europe in the Last Interglacial in association with regional temperate and Mediterranean forests, but seems to have retreated south of the Pyrenees and Alps in the early part of the Last Glacial in response to cooler temperatures and spread of open vegetation (Stuart, 2005).”
Extinction chronology and palaeobiology of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) (2009, background): “2004; Stuart & Lister 2007) is to radiocarbon-date material of extinct megafauna directly in order to construct their spatiotemporal histories, and to seek correlations with the environmental and archaeological records with the aim of establishing the cause or causes of extinction (Stuart et al. 200”