Akt Signaling Pathway in Macrophage Activation and M1/M2 Polarization

By Eleni Vergadi, Eleftheria Ieronymaki, K. Lyroni, K. Vaporidi, C. Tsatsanis. Journal of Immunology, 2017

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Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation (2018, background): “Protein kinase B (PKB or Akt), mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), mTORC2, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) play a critical role in metabolic pathways and associated signalling activation [107,108].”
Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes attenuate myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury through miR-182-regulated macrophage polarization (2019, background): “Inhibition of TLR4-mediated signalling might increase activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, which was important for an anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage conversion.(29) Thus, we investigated the crosstalk between TLR4/NF-jB and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways after transfection of macrophages wi”
The Metabolic Signature of Macrophage Responses (2019, background): “On the other hand, the AKT/mTOR pathway is triggered by growth factors, such as GM-CSF, and pathogen-sensing receptors, such as Dectin-1 or TLR4 (45, 48, 49).”