Has the microbiota played a critical role in the evolution of the adaptive immune system?
By Y. Lee, S. Mazmanian. Science, 2010
1,117 citations recorded by the source corpus.
A Gutsy Analysis Efforts to sequence the human microbiome—the genomes of all the microbes that inhabit our bodies—have demonstrated its enormous diversity. Analyses to probe the various functions of the microbiota, particularly of those that reside in the gut, have revealed that our microbiota has a profound impact on the development and function of our immune systems. Lee and Mazmanian (p. 1768) review how the microbiota influences the development of the adaptive immune system. Specific species and families of microbiota support the differentiation of particular populations of T cells, and alterations in intestinal microbiota affect the development of inflammation and autoimmunity. Although microbes have been classically viewed as pathogens, it is now well established that the majority of host-bacterial interactions are symbiotic. During development and into adulthood, gut bacteria shape the tissues, cells, and molecular profile of our gastrointestinal immune system. This partnership, forged over many millennia of coevolution, is based on a molecular exchange involving bacterial signals that are recognized by host receptors to mediate beneficial outcomes for both microbes and humans. We explore how specific aspects of the adaptive immune system are influenced by intestinal commensal bacteria. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate symbiosis between commensal bacteria and humans may redefine how we view the evolution of adaptive immunity and consequently how we approach the treatment of numerous immunologic disorders.
Subfields: Emergency Medical Services, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Biology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/31650963d485454748dcf167f779a6039c524b9e
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Citations in the corpus
- Psychoneuroimmunology Meets Neuropsychopharmacology: Translational Implications of the Impact of Inflammation on Behavior (2012, background): “Recent developments in our understanding regarding the impact of these commensural microorganisms indicate that aside from assisting in digestive processes, bacteria in the gut may have an important role in the immune response, including inflammation (Lee and Mazmanian, 2010).”
- Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota, and allergy are interrelated (2012, result): “Thus, our results imply that gammaproteobacteria, although representing only 3% of the sequences in the skin community (Table 1), may play a special role in the development and maintenance of the skin homeostasis and healthy barrier function, similar to that of certain gut bacteria (41, 42).”
- Holobionts as Units of Selection and a Model of Their Population Dynamics and Evolution (2018, background): “2008; Lee and Mazmanian 2010).”
- Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences (2013, background): “Finally, immunologists are beginning to examine the possibility that, in addition to a role in pathogenesis, a principal selection pressure acting on the form and function of the adaptive immune system is the need to maintain balance among the complex, coevolved consortia that form persistent symbio”
- Bacterial symbiosis in the fish gut and its role in health and metabolism (2017, background): “Bifidobacterium, the member of Actinobacteria group is a key regulator of interlukin-10 secretion, which plays a vital role during inflammation (Lee and Mazmanian 2010).”
- The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota (2014, background): “It has been proposed but not demonstrated that the immune system first evolved to preserve and protect its own microbiota and subsequently was used to kill dangerous foreign microorganisms (Pamer 2007; Lee and Mazmanian 2010; Bosch 2013).”
- The ecology of the microbiome: Networks, competition, and stability (2015, background): “c = 0 into our equations for stability, (5) and (6).”
- Interaction between the gut microbiome and mucosal immune system (2017, background): “Gut microbiota include 1,000 to 1,500 bacterial species; however, an individual contains only approximately 160 bacterial species, indicating that the composition of the microbiome is substantially different between individuals and is related to environmental changes and genetic inheritance [3, 4].”
- The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Human Health: An Integrative View (2012, neutral): “Microbial Modulation of the Adaptive Immune System The adaptive immune system is also programmed by the commensal microbiota, and microbes have been shown to impact the differentiation of T cell populations, which can be not only determined by self-/non-self-discrimination mechanisms but also educat”
- Inflammatory Cytokines in Depression: Neurobiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications (2013, background): “Another source of inflammatory cytokines is the gut, and there has been attention paid to the role of intestinal microorganisms in influencing the immune responses of an organism (Lee and Mazmanian, 2010).”
- Short chain fatty acids induce both effector and regulatory T cells by suppression of histone deacetylases and regulation of the mTOR-S6K pathway (2014, background): “Gut commensal bacteria shape the gastrointestinal immune system and have profound effects on the adaptive immune system.(1,2) Commensal bacteria produce a number of metabolites that regulate physiology, nutrition, and immunity in the host.”
- The Host Shapes the Gut Microbiota via Fecal microRNA (2016, positive): “The gut microbiota shapes many aspects of gut physiology and immune system maturation (Lee and Mazmanian, 2010).”