Four challenges for nickel steam-reforming catalysts

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Impact of Nickel agglomeration on Solid Oxide Cell operated in fuel cell and electrolysis modes (2018, background): “The mechanism, which involves a mass transfer at short-distance, could be controlled by (i) a solid-state diffusion of vacancies [30,31], (ii) a surface diffusion involving the transfer of Ni atoms or Ni2-OH species [30-35] or (iii) a transport in the gas phase by a local Ni vaporisation/condensatio”
The use of different metal catalysts for the simultaneous production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from pyrolysis of plastic feedstocks (2016, background): “However a major problem associated with using transition metal based catalysts in thermal treatment of hydrocarbons is deactivation by coking [11], where carbon deposition builds on the catalyst surface.”
Applications of nano-catalyst in new era (2011, methodology): “In general, it is necessary to develop economical catalysts with high activity and stability for CSCRM. Ni catalysts have commercially been applied for SRM because they are economical compared to noble metal based catalysts (Sehested, 2006; Pompeo et al., 2005).”
Metal@Silica yolk-shell nanostructures as versatile bifunctional nanocatalysts (2011, background): “But the serious problem of nickel catalysts is catalyst deactivation either by coke formation and/or by particle sintering [44].”