Genetic resources for improving nitrogen fixation in legume-rhizobia symbiosis

By N. Provorov, I. Tikhonovich. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2003

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Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia): a beneficial forage legume (2011, result): “For O. viciifolia, the rate in most situations was between 130 and 160 kg/ha, compared with 140 and 210 kg/ha for M. sativa; this resulted in an increase in yield of 17 and 25%, respectively (Provorov and Tikhonovich, 2003).”
Advances in Host Plant and Rhizobium Genomics to Enhance Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Grain Legumes (2015, background): “…showing tolerance towards these stressors, which can be used as inocula on target plant germplasm (Rupela et al., 1991; Hungria et al., 1993, 2000; Zahran, 2001; Provorov and Tikhonovich, 2003; Roumiantseva, 2009; Elboutahiri et al., 2010; Tikhonovich and Provorov, 2011; Boukhatem et al., 2012).”
Measured sanctions: Legume hosts detect quantitative variation in rhizobium cooperation and punish accordingly (2006, background): “considerably in resources they supply to the host, with net benefits provided by different strains varying as much as ten-fold (Singleton and Stockinger, 1983; Fening and Danso, 2002; Kiers et al., 2002; Provorov and Tikhonovich, 2003).”
Microbiology is the basis of sustainable agriculture: an opinion (2011, background): “Unfortunately, domestication and selection of plants have resulted in a loss of their symbiotic activities, e.g. the balance between symbiotrophic and combined N nutrition has decreased in many legumes because of their cultivation under high N supply (Provorov & Tikhonovich, 2003).”