Submillimetre galaxies in a hierarchical universe: number counts, redshift distribution, and implications for the IMF
By C. Hayward, D. Narayanan, D. Kerevs, P. Jonsson, P. Hopkins, Thomas J. Cox, L. Hernquist. 2012
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High-redshift submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) are some of the most rapidly star-forming galaxies in the Universe. Historically, galaxy formation models have had difficulty explaining the observed number counts of SMGs. We combine a semi-empirical model with 3-D hydrodynamical simulations and 3-D dust radiative transfer to predict the number counts of unlensed SMGs. Because the stellar mass functions, gas and dust masses, and sizes of our galaxies are constrained to match observations, we can isolate uncertainties related to the dynamical evolution of galaxy mergers and the dust radiative transfer. The number counts and redshift distributions predicted by our model agree well with observations. Isolated disc galaxies dominate the faint (S1.1 . 1 mJy, or S850 . 2 mJy) population. The brighter sources are a mix of merger-induced starbursts and galaxy-pair SMGs; the latter subpopulation accounts for � 30 50 per cent of all SMGs at all S1.1 & 0.5 mJy (S850 & 1 mJy). The mean redshifts are � 3.0 3.5, depending on the flux cut, and the brightest sources tend to b e at higher redshifts. Because the galaxy-pair SMGs will be resolved into multiple fainter sources by ALMA, the bright ALMA counts should be as much as 2 times less than those observed using single-dish telescopes. The agreement between our model, which uses a Kroupa IMF, and observations suggests that the IMF in high-redshifts starbursts need not be top-heavy; if the IMF were top-heavy, our model would over-predict the number counts. We conclude that the difficulty some models have reproducing the observed SMG counts is likely indicative of more general problems ‐ such as an under-prediction of the abundance of massive galaxies or a star formation rate‐stellar mass relation normalisation lower than t hat observed ‐ rather than a problem specific to the SMG population.
Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3013dad45fca0153cd6c4a11cd8f0afbeda39725
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Citations in the corpus
- REGULARITY UNDERLYING COMPLEXITY: A REDSHIFT-INDEPENDENT DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTINUOUS VARIATION OF GALAXY-SCALE MOLECULAR GAS PROPERTIES IN THE MASS-STAR FORMATION RATE PLANE (2013, unknown): “…systems (e.g., Cox et al. 2004), the modified balance between the atomic and molecular hydrogen phase in dense, turbulent media, and IMF variations as have been proposed for SB regions (e.g., Baugh et al. 2005, Papadopoulos et al. 2011, but see also Tacconi et al. 2008, Hayward et al. 2013).”
- The dust content of galaxies from z = 0 to z = 9 (2016, background): “Traditionally, a linear scaling between dust and metal abundance is assumed (e.g., Silva et al. 1998; Granato et al. 2000; Baugh et al. 2005; Lacey et al. 2008, 2010; Fontanot & Somerville 2011; Niemi et al. 2012; Somerville et al. 2012; Hayward et al. 2013b; Cowley et al. 2016)..”
- Herschel PEP/HerMES: the redshift evolution (0 ≤ z ≤ 4) of dust attenuation and of the total (UV+IR) star formation rate density (2013, background): “The statistical significance of these results is still debated because of the low number of objects at high redshifts and a possible modification of the IMF (Dwek & Cherchneff(2011), Hayward et al.(2013)).”
- Physical Models of Galaxy Formation in a Cosmological Framework (2014, result): “…may be important for producing certain populations such as ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGS) and high-redshift sub-mm detected galaxies (Hayward et al. 2013, Niemi et al. 2012), in agreement with observations that suggest a strong connection between major mergers and starbursts (e.g.…”
- Dusty Star Forming Galaxies at High Redshift (2014, methodology): “For example, the Hayward et al. (2013b) model effectively has ∼50–100 pc resolution (i.e. resolving the surfaces of large giant molecular clouds) over cosmological volumes.”