Plasma Levels of Bacterial DNA Correlate with Immune Activation and the Magnitude of Immune Restoration in Persons with Antiretroviral-Treated HIV Infection

By Wei Jiang, M. Lederman, P. Hunt, S. Sieg, K. Haley, B. Rodriguez, A. Landay, Jeffrey N. Martin, E. Sinclair, A. Asher and 3 more. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009

616 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The significance of elevated plasma levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in persons with chronic HIV infection remains undefined. We measured LPS levels by use of limulus lysate assay, and DNA sequences encoding bacterial ribosomal 16S RNA (16S rDNA) were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reactions in plasma samples obtained from 242 donors. Plasma levels of 16S rDNA were significantly higher in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected subjects than in uninfected subjects, and they correlated with LPS levels. Higher levels of 16S rDNA were associated with higher levels of T cell activation and with lower levels of CD4 T cell restoration during antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral therapy reduces but does not fully normalize plasma levels of bacterial 16S rDNA, an index of microbial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract. High levels of 16S rDNA during therapy are strongly associated with reduced increases in the CD4+ T lymphocyte count, irrespective of plasma HIV RNA levels. These findings are consistent with the importance of microbial translocation in immunodeficiency and T cell homeostasis in chronic HIV infection.

Subfields: Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2fc023fe3e5ddd70803ee163b7dc0d1107fab1a2

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In Epidemiology

1. S. Grundy

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1. Daniel C. Douek
2. Steven G. Deeks

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2. Steven G. Deeks
3. S. Lewin

Citations in the corpus

• National Lipid Association Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia: Part 2. (2015, background): “Cellular activation With a massive depletion of CD4 cells, HIV-infected persons are left with a state of immune dysregulation manifested by low numbers of na€ıve T cells, an increase in terminally differentiated effector T cells, the generation of excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, and altered T ”
• Systemic effects of inflammation on health during chronic HIV infection. (2013, background): “Effective antiretroviral therapy might temper this process, particularly if initiated early, but the effect is incomplete (Jiang et al., 2009; Mavigner et al., 2012; Mehandru et al., 2006).”
• Plasma levels of soluble CD14 independently predict mortality in HIV infection. (2011, methodology): “In HIV disease, both LPS and 16S rDNA correlate with systemic immune activation, increased frequencies of CD38HLA-DR CD8 T cells, and elevated interferon a levels in the plasma [17, 18].”