A randomized controlled trial of radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma.

By K. Feng, Jun Yan, Xiaowu Li, F. Xia, K. Ma, Shu-guang Wang, P. Bie, Jiahong Dong. Journal of Hepatology, 2012

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AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (2018, background): “Importantly, there were three RCTs that compared RFA with resection, including a total of 578 patients.((42-44)) Two of these three trials had a low risk of bias and moderate evidence quality,((42,43)) and one trial had a high risk of bias.”
Asia–Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update (2017, background): “Another trial on patients with nodular diameters of less than 4 cm and up to 2 nodules showed that there were no statistically significant differences between RFA and surgical resection in terms of OS and RFS [483].”
Tremelimumab in combination with ablation in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2016, positive): “Ablation - by means of alcohol, radiofrequency, microwave or cryoablation - is considered a curative alternative to surgical resection [17, 18].”