Factor Analysis with Ordinal Indicators: A Monte Carlo Study Comparing DWLS and ULS Estimation

By C. G. Forero, Albert Maydeu-Olivares, David Gallardo-Pujol. 2009

646 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Economics and Econometrics, Food Science, Management Science and Operations Research

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2f5fc241ed4ea4ef4c62d3f14aef5c3f1206ccd6

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Economics and Econometrics

In Food Science

In Management Science and Operations Research

Citations in the corpus

RMSEA, CFI, and TLI in structural equation modeling with ordered categorical data: The story they tell depends on the estimation methods (2018, result): “Simulation studies have found that ULS results in higher nonconvergence rates than does DWLS (Forero, Maydeu-Olivares, & GallardoPujol, 2009), but that it provides slightly more accurate parameter estimates and standard errors than DWLS (Forero et al., 2009; C. H. Li, 2014; Yang-Wallentin, Jöreskog,”
Examining Chi-Square Test Statistics Under Conditions of Large Model Size and Ordinal Data (2018, methodology): “ULSMV outperformed WLSMV, yielding better Type I error levels and less bias observed in standard errors, particularly if sample sizes were smaller, as ULS methods are not as sensitive as WLS-based methods to nonconvergence (Forero et al., 2009; Rhemtulla, Brosseau-Liard, & Savalei, 2012; Savalei & R”
Testing Measurement Invariance in Longitudinal Data with Ordered-Categorical Measures (2016, positive): “…these methods have satisfactory performance; they are all prone to nonconvergence, improper solutions, large standard errors, biased estimates of factor loadings and thresholds, and problematic goodness-of-fit tests (Forero & Maydeu-Olivares, 2009; Forero et al., 2009; Savalei & Rhemtulla, 2013).”
Comparison of Different Estimation Methods for Categorical and Ordinal Data in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (2015, methodology): “Forero et al. (2009) compared ULS and DWLS methods in their simulation study.”
Are Fit Indices Biased in Favor of Bi-Factor Models in Cognitive Ability Research?: A Comparison of Fit in Correlated Factors, Higher-Order, and Bi-Factor Models via Monte Carlo Simulations (2015, background): “Models that did not converge were excluded from the analysis given that they do not provide useful information [47].”