Reverse-Engineering a Cryptographic RFID Tag

By Karsten Nohl, David E. Evans, Starbug, H. Plötz. USENIX Security Symposium, 2008

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Quantum random number generators (2016, background): “…et al., 2012; Lenstra et al., 2012), repeated or guessable keys produced inside smart cards (Bernstein et al., 2013; Courtois et al., 2013; Nohl et al., 2008) and the predictable random sequences that are used for cryptographic purposes in Android (Kim et al., 2013; Michaelis et al.,…”
At-speed delay characterization for IC authentication and Trojan Horse detection (2008, methodology): “For example, Nohl et al. [8] have shown that they were able to reconstruct a cipher from its implementation in a widely-used RFID tag using image analysis of circuits and protocol analysis.”
AVATAR: A Framework to Support Dynamic Security Analysis of Embedded Systems' Firmwares (2014, background): “The ”security by obscurity” approach is still relevant among embedded systems manufacturers and has lead in the past to the discovery of major weaknesses in commonly deployed technologies [45].”
Anonymous Two-Factor Authentication in Distributed Systems: Certain Goals Are Beyond Attainment (2015, background): “As mentioned earlier, the secret data stored in the smart card, which was once believed to be free from breach, could be extracted by state-of-the-art sidechannel attacks [19], [20], [21].”
Two Birds with One Stone: Two-Factor Authentication with Security Beyond Conventional Bound (2018, methodology): “, Java Card) [42] or reverse engineering techniques [43], [44].”