The Additive Manufacturing (AM) of Titanium Alloys

By B. Dutta, F. Froes. 2014

518 citations recorded by the source corpus.

High cost is the major reason that there is not more wide-spread use of titanium alloys. Powder Metallurgy (P/M) represents one cost effective approach to fabrication of titanium components and Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an emerging attractive PM Technique . In this paper AM is discussed with the emphasis on the “work horse” titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. The various approaches to AM are presented and discussed, followed by some examples of components produced by AM. The microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V produced by AM are listed and shown to compare very well with cast and wrought product. Finally, the economic advantages to be gained using the AM technique compared to conventionally processed material are presented. Key words: Additive Manufacturing (AM), 3D Printing, CAD, CAM, Laser, Electron beam, near net shape, remanufacturing, Powder Bed Fusion (PBF), Direct Energy Deposition (DED)

Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2e5ce2c7dee48d6497279eb0cdd39ec68450400d

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Citations in the corpus

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice (2020, background): “Another common feature in powder-bed systems, where a laser is used as the heat source, is the requirement for stress relieve heat treatments after production [105].”
An Overview of Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Components by Directed Energy Deposition: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties (2017, background): “Cost of different metals in different forms [51].”
A review on the state-of-the-art of surface finishing processes and related ISO/ASTM standards for metal additive manufactured components (2020, methodology): “Metal additive manufacturing techniques (a) powder bed fusion (Vyas et al. 2017) and (b) direct energy deposition (Froes and Dutta 2014). and hence AM processes require a higher level of process control through standardisation.”
Fatigue of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V, Part I: The effects of powder feedstock, manufacturing, and post-process conditions on the resulting microstructure and defects (2020, background): “It has been established that AM Ti-6Al-4V parts subjected to HIP treatment and a subsequent surface machining have high cycle fatigue performance on par with traditional wrought materials [3,130–133].”
Anisotropy and heterogeneity of microstructure and mechanical properties in metal additive manufacturing: A critical review (2018, background): “Many studies have shown that the tensile properties of AM-processed Ti-6Al-4V are comparable to their cast and wrought material equivalents [9, 11, 21, 95].”
Micromechanical behavior and thermal stability of a dual-phase α+α’ titanium alloy produced by additive manufacturing (2019, background): “The recent developments of additive manufacturing (AM) offer new design opportunities and the possibility to produce light-weight structures with a “buy-to-fly” ratio close to 1:1 [5].”