Seed germination response to cold stratification period and thermal regime in Phacelia secunda (Hydrophyllaceae) – Altitudinal variation in the mediterranean Andes of central Chile

By L. Cavieres, M. Arroyo. Plant Ecology, 2000

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The ability to germinate under a variety of environmental conditions is essential for plant species inhabiting a wide range of altitudes and latitudes. Phacelia secunda J. F. Gmel. (Hydrophyllaceae) is a perennial herb with wide latitudinal and altitudinal distributional ranges. In the central Chilean Andes (33 °S) P. secunda can be found from 1600 m sealevel up to the vegetation limit at 3400 m. It has been suggested that seeds from populations encountering long periods with snow cover and adverse winter conditions would require longer periods of cold stratification for germination than those from populations exposed to milder winters. Given that the snow-free period decreases with elevation, seeds from high elevation populations could require longer period of cold stratification to germinate. Moreover, it has been shown that seeds from arctic and higher elevations environments are adapted to germinate better under high temperature conditions. Germination response with increasing periods of cold stratification (0–6 mo.) and under two contrasting thermoperiods (20 °/1O °C; 10 °/5 °C; 12 h day/night), were studied for 4 populations of P. secunda located at 1600, 2100, 2900 and 3400 m a.s.l. Initiation of germination required increasingly longer periods of stratification with elevation, and proportionately fewer seeds germinated for any one stratification treatment at the higher elevations. Seeds from higher elevations germinated to a higher percentage under the high than the low temperature thermoperiods. These results illustrates a significant variation in germination characteristics over a spatially short environmental gradient.

Subfields: Plant Science

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Citations in the corpus

Seed germination of high mountain Mediterranean species: altitudinal, interpopulation and interannual variability (2005, background): “Cavieres and Arroyo (2000) also proved effective induction of Phacelia secunda seed germination by means of cold-wet stratification in the Mediterraneantype climate of the Andes in Chile, with longer treatment periods required for populations from higher elevations.”
Climate change and plant regeneration from seed (2011, background): “…plasticity for seed dormancy and germination occurs within most species over elevational and latitudinal gradients (Meyer et al., 1995; see review in Baskin & Baskin, 1998; Cavieres & Arroyo, 2000; Daws et al., 2006), populations may be buffered from some of the effects of projected climate change.”
Comparisons of germination traits of alpine plants between fellfield and snowbed habitats (2005, background): “…University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan E-mail: gaku@ees.hokudai.ac.jp Present address: Y. Shimono Integrative Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan may result in a low probability of seedling establishment (Chabot and Billings 1972; Cavieres and Arroyo 2000).”