Woody legume fallow productivity, biological N2-fixation and residual benefits to two successive maize crops in Zimbabwe

By R. Chikowo, P. Mapfumo, P. Nyamugafata, K. Giller. Plant and Soil, 2004

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Cover Crops, Fertilizer Nitrogen Rates, and Economic Return of Grain Sorghum (2016, background): “…systems because of their potential to increase soil productivity through cycling of C, N, and other nutrients (including P) in agricultural systems (Chikowo et al., 2004) and have been used to improve environmental quality by reducing soil erosion and nutrient losses through surface runoff .”
Productivity and residual benefits of grain legumes to sorghum under semi-arid conditions in southwestern Zimbabwe (2007, background): “dance method we estimated that the legumes derived 15–50% (19–62 kg N) of their N from N2-fixation in 2002/03: groundnut 19 and 41%, cowpea 15 and 17%, pigeon pea 28 and 30% and Bambara groundnut 34 and 50% (Table 4). In 2003/04 the legumes fixed 16–61% (4–57 kg N ha �1 ) while in 2004/05 the legume”
Effects of conservation tillage, crop residue and cropping systems on changes in soil organic matter and maize–legume production: a case study in Teso District (2010, background): “Locally available organic nutrient sources are often added in form of farmyard manure (Mugwira and Murwira 1997), leaf litter (Nyathi and Campbell 1993), crop residues (Campbell et al. 1998; Powell and Unger 1998), green manure (Giller et al. 1998) and agroforestry tree prunings (Mafongoya and Nair ”