Are women’s employment and fertility histories interdependent? An examination of causal order using event history analysis

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MULTILEVEL DISCRETE‐TIME EVENT HISTORY MODELS WITH APPLICATIONS TO THE ANALYSIS OF RECURRENT EMPLOYMENT TRANSITIONS (2011, background): “This topic has received a great deal of attention in the economic and sociological literature, but the causal nature of the relationship is not well understood (e.g. Dex et al. 1998; Drobnič, Blossfeld & Rohwer 1999; Budig 2003).”
Uncertainties in Female Employment Careers and the Postponement of Parenthood in Germany (2010, background): “…of employment in fertility transitions (Felmlee, 1993; Kravdal, 1994, 2002; Liefbroer and Corijn, 1999; Santow and Bracher, 2001; Meron, Widmer and Shapiro, 2002; Budig, 2003; Vikat, 2004; Kurz, Steinhage and Golsch, 2005; Schmitt, 2005; Diewald and Duentgen, 2007; Brüderl und Schröder, 2008).”
Stay in the Game: Gender, Family Formation and Alternative Trajectories in the Academic Life Course (2009, methodology): “Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Budig (2003) found that young children increase women’s labor force exits, while older children decrease them.”
Why do people postpone parenthood? Reasons and social policy incentives. (2011, background): “Budig (2003) demonstrated that both part-and full-time employment decreased the likelihood that women would become pregnant in the USA.”