Near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy for mapping nano‐scale distribution of organic carbon forms in soil: Application to black carbon particles

By Johannes Lehmann, Biqing Liang, D. Solomon, M. Lerotic, F. Luizão, J. Kinyangi, T. Schäfer, Sue Wirick, Chris Jacobsen. 2005

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Ultrastructural and chemical study of modern and fossil sporoderms by Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) (2009, unknown): “, 1996) or to phenols (Lehmann et al., 2005).”
Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020, background): “…groups or other functional groups with a negative charge in the pH range of soils can be the result of two principally different processes: (1) surface oxidation of the biochar particles themselves and (2) adsorption of highly oxidized organic matter onto biochar surfaces (Lehmann et al. 2005).”
Nano-scale investigation of the association of microbial nitrogen residues with iron (hydr)oxides in a forest soil O-horizon (2012, background): “First, synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) in combination with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, which has been employed to interrogate structurally intact soil micro-aggregates (Wan et al., 2007; Lehmann et al., 2005; Kinyangi et al., 2006)”
Biochar effects on soil biota – A review (2011, methodology): “…organic matter in soil (Schmidt and Noack, 2000), and are known to change over time due to weathering processes, interactions with soil mineral and organic matter and oxidation by microorganisms in soil (Lehmann et al., 2005; Cheng et al., 2008; Cheng and Lehmann, 2009; Nguyen et al., 2010).”