Holographic MIMO Surfaces for 6G Wireless Networks: Opportunities, Challenges, and Trends

By Chongwen Huang, Sha Hu, George C. Alexandropoulos, Alessio Zappone, Chau Yuen, Rui Zhang, M. Di Renzo, Merouane Debbah. IEEE wireless communications, 2019

1,237 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Future wireless networks are expected to evolve toward an intelligent and software reconfigurable paradigm enabling ubiquitous communications between humans and mobile devices. They will also be capable of sensing, controlling, and optimizing the wireless environment to fulfill the visions of low-power, high-throughput, massively- connected, and low-latency communications. A key conceptual enabler that is recently gaining increasing popularity is the HMIMOS that refers to a low-cost transformative wireless planar structure comprised of sub-wavelength metallic or dielectric scattering particles, which is capable of shaping electromagnetic waves according to desired objectives. In this article, we provide an overview of HMIMOS communications including the available hardware architectures for reconfiguring such surfaces, and highlight the opportunities and key challenges in designing HMIMOS-enabled wireless communications.

Subfields: Aerospace Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2c60b595519884a708b50c77c5ef9e56371e9158

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Aerospace Engineering

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

In Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Citations in the corpus

Channel Estimation for RIS-Empowered Multi-User MISO Wireless Communications (2020, methodology): “This task becomes more complex when the deployed RISs are equipped with large numbers of unit elements having non-linear hardware characteristics [2], [24].”
Modeling and Performance Analysis for Movable Antenna Enabled Wireless Communications (2022, background): “Recently, the concept of holographic MIMO was proposed [11]–[13], which is also termed as continuous-aperture MIMO [14], holographic surface [15], or large intelligent surface [16] in the literature.”
Edge Learning for B5G Networks With Distributed Signal Processing: Semantic Communication, Edge Computing, and Wireless Sensing (2022, neutral): “ligient surfaces (LIS) [281], holographic MIMO surfaces (HMIMOS) [282], and holographic RIS [283].”
Artificial-Intelligence-Enabled Intelligent 6G Networks (2019, background): “An RNN-based solution has the ability to capture the nonlinearities of RF components, where RNN learns the nonlinearities of power amplifier arrays and optimizes minimal transmitted power levels at transmitters [11].”
Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Wireless Communications: A Tutorial (2020, background): “[34] Introduce the holographic MIMO surface (HMIMOS) and summarize its hardware architectures, classifications, as well as main characteristics.”
Edge Artificial Intelligence for 6G: Vision, Enabling Technologies, and Applications (2021, background): “…or metasurfaces equipped with a large number of low-cost passive reﬂecting elements, which are capable of adjusting the phase shifts and amplitudes of the incident signals for directional signal enhancement or nulling, and thus altering the propagation of the reﬂected signals [49], [207], [208].”
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Principles and Opportunities (2020, background): “, amplify-andforward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) [10], an RIS is capable of shaping the incoming signal by controlling the phase shift of each reflecting element instead of employing a power amplifier [11], [12].”
6G Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey (2021, background): “Enabled from the mm-wave spectrum, the THz band (0.1-10 THz) is promising to fulﬁll the future requirements of 6G-IoT applications, including pico-second level symbol duration, integration of thousands of submillimeter-long antennas, and weak interference without full legacy regulation [61].”
A Comprehensive Overview on 5G-and-Beyond Networks With UAVs: From Communications to Sensing and Intelligence (2020, background): “each of which is able to reflect the impinging electromagnetic wave with a tunable reflection coefficient (including an amplitude and a phase shift) [100]–[103].”
Simultaneously Transmitting And Reflecting (STAR) RIS Aided Wireless Communications (2021, background): “Speciﬁcally, motivated by the rapid development of metasur-faces and corresponding advanced fabrication technologies, reconﬁgurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as promising solutions [5–9].”
Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces for Efficient Holographic MIMO Communications in 6G (2023, neutral): “concept of HMIMO has emerged [25], [26], [27].”
Matrix-Calibration-Based Cascaded Channel Estimation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Multiuser MIMO (2019, methodology): “passive holographic MIMO surface [3]) assisted MIMO [4] is deemed very promising to realize similar or even higher array gains with significant cost reduction compared with massive MIMO.”
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Wireless Communications: Overview of Hardware Designs, Channel Models, and Estimation Techniques (2022, background): “This task becomes more complex when the deployed RISs are equipped with massive elements with non-linear hardware impairments [20], [72].”
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Intelligent Reflecting Surface for Secure Wireless Communications (2020, background): “The path loss model is defined by PL = (PL0 − 10ς log 10(d/d0)) dB, where PL0 = 30 dB is the path loss at the reference distance d0 = 1 m [9], [38], ς = 3 is the path loss exponent, and d is the distance from the transmitter to the receiver.”
An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for RIS/IRS-Aided Wireless Systems (2021, positive): “This is made possible by exploiting the innovative idea of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) or intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) [5]–[9], which are capable of reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment into a transmission medium with more desirable characteristics.”