Clustering Biotech: A Recipe for Success? Spatial Patterns of Growth of Biotechnology in Munich, Rhineland and Hamburg

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The Locational Dynamics of the U.S. Biotech Industry: Knowledge Externalities and the Anchor Hypothesis (2005, background): “Evidence on the location of the biotech industry highlights the importance of the location of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, especially their headquarters and R&D labs (Gray and Parker 1998; Orsenigo 2001:81-82; Zeller 2001).”
(How) Do (Firms in) Clusters Create Knowledge? (2005, background): “Zhang (2003) emphasizes that high-tech industrial clusters are characterized by concentrated 420 A.”
Nodes, networks and proximities: on the knowledge dynamics of the Medicon Valley biotech cluster (2004, background): “In the German biotech industry Zeller (2001) finds that interactive innovative relations exist on very different spatial scales.”
Local and international networks in small firm internationalization: cases from the Rhône-Alpes medical technology regional cluster (2013, background): “Zeller (2001) maintains that medical biotechnology firms seek alliances with international pharmaceutical firms.”