Femtosecond optical frequency combs
By T. Udem, Ronald Holzwarth, T. Hänsch. 2009
207 citations recorded by the source corpus.
A laser frequency comb allows the conversion of the very rapid oscillations of visible light of some 100’s of THz down to frequencies that can be handled with conventional electronics. This capability has enabled the most precise laser spectroscopy experiments yet that allowed to test quantum electrodynamics, to determine fundamental constants and to search for possible slow changes of these constants. Using an optical frequency reference in combination with a laser frequency comb has made it possible to construct all optical atomic clocks, that are now outperforming even the best cesium atomic clocks. In future direct frequency comb spectroscopy might enable high resolution laser spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet for the first time. Frequency combs are also used to calibrate astronomical spectrographs and might reach an accuracy that is sufficient to observe the expansion of the universe in real time.
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b2a0f3c76c9e599d8980af49b2ed4c7839567e2
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Citations in the corpus
- Mid-infrared frequency combs (2012, background): “In the mid-infrared region, frequency combs have enabled the demonstration of molecular optical clocks, using, for example, the hyperfine F2((2)) optical transition35,37 of the P(7) line of the ν3 band in methane as a pendulum with a fractional instability of 1.”
- A review of interferometry for geometric measurement (2018, background): “When its mode frequencies are linked to a frequency standard, it becomes an ultra-accurate ruler in space, time and frequency domains [122, 123].”
- Far-field optical imaging and manipulation of individual spins with nanoscale resolution. (2010, unknown): “If a microwave π-pulse is applied between doughnut and readout the spin-RESOLFT signal is proportional to f (x)= n0(x)IG(x), where n0 is the population of the ms = 0 state, IG = exp(−α(x/rC)2) is the intensity profile of the Gaussian beam used for readout of the electronic spin, rC = λ/2NA is the co”