The Evolving Food Chain: Competitive Effects of Wal‐Mart's Entry into the Supermarket Industry

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Discrete games with flexible information structures: an application to local grocery markets (2014, background): “Basker and Noel (2009) analyze store-level price data from 175 US cities and find that Wal-Mart’s prices on average are 10 percent lower than those of its competitors and that Wal-Mart entry causes competitors to decrease their prices by 1-1.2 percent.”
Supersizing Supercenters? The Impact of Wal-Mart Supercenters on Body Mass Index and Obesity (2011, methodology): “This generates estimates of the savings offset from obesity reported in equation (20) ranging from 4% using the high estimates from Hausman and Leibtag (2009) and Basker and Noel (2009) to 9.4% using the low estimates from Hausman and Leibtag (2009) and Basker and Noel (2009).”
When Walmart comes to town: Always low housing prices? Always? (2015, unknown): “In fact, Basker (2005b), Hausman and Leibtag (2007), and Basker and Noel (2009) have shown that Walmart ‘‘supercenters’’ that sell groceries offer many identical food items as other grocers at an average price that is substantially lower than their competitors.”