Industrial Applications of Natural Fibres: Structure, Properties and Technical Applications

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A review of natural fibres, their sustainability and automotive applications (2016, background): “In the 1940s, synthetic fibres were introduced to consumers and customer preference shifted from naturalfibre-based products to synthetic-based products.(9) This lead to a rapid decline in the production of natural fibre products and a substantial erosion of developing countries export market.”
Variability of mechanical properties of flax fibres for composite reinforcement. A review (2020, background): “For example, plants such as flax provide relatively long fibres (> 20 mm), with good tensile properties and low density (Bledzki and Gassan, 1999)(Müssig, 2010)(Bourmaud et al., 2018).”
A comprehensive review of techniques for natural fibers as reinforcement in composites: Preparation, processing and characterization. (2019, methodology): “…NaOH concentration with different periods, the natural fibers are time treated in 5% (w / v) NaOH solution (generally 5% is optimal for most natural fibers) varying the time (i.e. 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 mins) (Arthanarieswaran et al., 2015; Herlina Sari et al., 2018; Rajkumar et al., 2016).”